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Abstract

I first briefly review the "dodo bird verdict" and suggest that we should be responding to it by looking for a new way to conceptualize how therapy works. Then I describe the dominant "medical" or "treatment" model of psychotherapy and how it puts the client in the position of a "dependent variable" who is operated on by supposedly potent therapeutic techniques. Next I argue that the data do not fit with this model. An alternative model is that the client is the most important common factor and that it is clients' self-healing capacities which make therapy work. I then argue that therapy has two phases-the involvement phase and the learning phase-and that the involvement phase is the most important. I next review the five learning opportunities provided by therapy. Finally, I argue that a relational model of therapy focused on consultation, collaboration, and dialogue is better than a treatment model.

Comparing Online and Face-to-Face Student Counselling: What Therapeutic Goals Are Identified and What Are the Implications for Educational Providers?

“…This position commonly aligns itself to the holistic stance of humanistic psychology (e.g. Bugental, 1964) and views clients as active agents within the therapeutic process (Bohart, 2000; also see Gibson & Cartwright, 2013 for a discussion of agency in therapy with young people).…”

Individual Music Therapy for Mental Health Care Clients with Low Therapy Motivation: Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial

“…From a resource-oriented perspective, the client's resources, strengths and potentials, more than problems and symptoms, should be emphasised, as well as collaboration and equal relationships [17,18]. Such a perspective to MT builds on a contextual understanding of therapeutic processes [19,20,21], the philosophy of empowerment [22,23] and positive psychology [24]. …”

Clients’ Experiences in Counselling Sessions with Counsellor Trainees

“…It is evidenced that new clients would encountered the positive experiences with the beginning counsellors. This finding also explains the role of the client in the process of change (Bohart, 2000;Duncan & Miller, 2000), and counselling services are able to create a positive change and development of a positive self (Zuria Mahmud et al, 2005;Zainuddin Abu et al, 2008).…”

“…There are studies show that the client is a contributor to the process of change (Bohart, 2000;Duncan & Miller, 2000). Another study indicated that the client was not a passive recipient but an active contributor to actual outcomes (Rennie, 2000).…”