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Parental practices and political violence: The protective role of parental warmth and authority-control in Jewish and Arab Israeli children.

“…For both Jewish and Arab Israeli children, high impact of political violence exposure was related to greater psychological and behavioral difficulties. These results concur with past studies indicating increased pathology with exposure to terrorism and political violence (Hallis & Slone, 1999; Lavi & Solomon, 2005; Zeidner, 2005). Unlike studies targeting children who were exposed to one acute severe event of political violence and terror (Finzi-Dottan et al, 2006), the current study aimed to explore the effects of ongoing exposures to a range of political events.…”

External locus of control but not self-esteem predicts increasing social anxiety among bullied children

“…In contrast, beliefs about lack of control over a threatening and unpredictable social environment may be strengthened by repeated confirmatory evidence for children who are severely bullied and therefore more likely to persist. In line with existing literature suggesting that external locus of control is a risk factor for psychopathology (Hallis & Slone, 1999;Karstoft et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2014), there was some indication of a dose response relationship between external locus of control and social anxiety, but with only minimal effects among children who were never or occasionally bullied. Reknes et al (2019) suggested that external beliefs were protective against general psychological strain for adult victims of workplace bullying, enhancing acceptance and enabling external attribution of negative experiences towards negative characteristics of the perpetrator or bad luck instead of taking personal blame.…”

“…Locus of control ( Nowicki & Duke, 1974 ) refers to the extent to which someone believes the outcomes of events or behaviours to be under personal control (internal) or down to luck or chance (external). Internal locus of control is associated with better wellbeing while external locus of control is associated with negative outcomes such as depression ( Zhang et al, 2014 ) and higher levels of PTSD, for example among survivors of combat ( Karstoft et al, 2015 ) and children exposed to stressful political life events ( Hallis & Slone, 1999 ). It is possible that these outcomes are driven by associations with thinking and coping styles, such that internality is associated with positive thinking and help-seeking, while externality is associated with avoidance and helplessness ( Reknes et al, 2019 ).…”

Safe spaces or a pedagogy of discomfort? Senior high-school teachers’ meta-emotion philosophies and climate change education

“…However, to only deal with climate change emotions in an individualized problem-focused way has been found to be related to low psychological wellbeing among young people (for a review see Ojala, 2019). You cannot solve climate change on your own, and dealing in a problem-focused way with stressors that are more or less out of your control can lead to increased distress (see Clarke, 2006;Hallis & Slone, 1999). In addition, it is important to trust other actors in society, such as politicians and technological development (Ojala, 2015).…”