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Djaoued, Yahia; Ashrit, P. V.; Bădilescu, Simona; Brüning, Ralf

doi:10.1023/a:1026089318607

Cited by 50 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This indicates a lower crystallinity in the WO 3 /TiO 2 thin films than the pure WO 3 and that the degree of the disorder is enhanced with the increasing percentage of titanium in pure WO 3 matrix. This conclusion is consistent with the SEM images in which the pure WO 3 thin film shows self-ordered porous structures, WT10 exhibits randomly arranged nano-flakes vertically stacking on the FTO substrate and WT15 totally disorder structures with scattered nano-blocks within the formed network of the nano-pores (Figures 3 & 4).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It can be seen that for all the films the calculated value of CE increases at longer wavelengths. Furthermore, the extent of the increase in CE was larger for all WO 3 While, at 800 nm as compared to WT0 the CE of the titanium containing films improved by factors of 1.5, 2 and 1.3 for WT7, WT10 and WT15. Therefore, it can be seen that the value of CE is very sensitive to the light modulation range and that the WT10 film has the best electrochromic coloration efficiency across the whole of the spectrum range investigated.…”

Section: Change In Optital Densitymentioning

confidence: 86%

“…[1][2][3][4] Thus, various methods used to fabricate WO 3 are reported, such as evaporation, [5][6][7] spray pyrolysis, 8 pulsed layer deposition 9,10 and electrodeposition. 11,12 However, the electrochemical anodization method adopted in this work provides a simple and economic way of synthesizing targeted morphologies such as nanoporous or nanotube structures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11,12 However, the electrochemical anodization method adopted in this work provides a simple and economic way of synthesizing targeted morphologies such as nanoporous or nanotube structures. Unfortunately there are still drawbacks when compared to vacuum deposited films, for instance the electrochemically prepared WO 3 has poorer reversibility and stability as well as a shorter optical modulation range. This has led to interest in mixed metal oxide composite systems to compensate for these eficiencies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Gui

Blackwood

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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An enhancement of the electrochromic properties of WO 3 thin films by the incorporation of TiO 2 is presented. The composite films are obtained by anodizing co-sputtered tungsten / titanium on conductive glass substrates in 1 M H 2 SO 4 solution containing 0.3 wt% NaF. As the titanium content is increased from 0 to 15 at.% a morphology evolution occurs, from nano-porous to nano-flakes and finally to nano-blocks interweaved with nano-pores. The nano-flakes, obtained at 10 at% Ti, proved to be the most conducive structure for the insertion and removal of Li + ions such that this composition exhibits transmittance regulation abilities of 58.5%, 72% and 77.7% at 550 nm, 632.8 nm and 800 nm respectively, which are more than a 25% improvement at all wavelengths over a pure WO 3 film formed in the same way. The WO 3 /TiO 2 film with addition of 10 at.% Ti also has faster coloration/bleaching times, especially in the critical near infrared region with values of 10 s / 64 s at 800 nm compared with 32 s / 90 s of a pure WO 3 thin film, as well as improved stability losing less than 5% of its capacity after 1000 switching cycles. and electrodeposition. 11,12 However, the electrochemical anodization method adopted in this work provides a simple and economic way of synthesizing targeted morphologies such as nanoporous or nanotube structures. Unfortunately there are still drawbacks when compared to vacuum deposited films, for instance the electrochemically prepared WO 3 has poorer reversibility and stability as well as a shorter optical modulation range. This has led to interest in mixed metal oxide composite systems to compensate for these eficiencies. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] To date, there are many reports on the doping or mixing other oxides with WO 3 to improve its electrochromic properties, with oxides of barium, 20 cobalt, 21 nickel, 22 molybdenum 23 and most successfully titanium.24 Even a small quantity of the guest oxide has a profound effect on the host's optical properties. Hashimoto and Matsuoka first reported in 1991 that an amorphous WO 3 -TiO 2 film, produced by electron beam deposition method, exhibits a longer life-time than a pure tungsten oxide film. 24 Subsequently, in 1993, Gottsche et al. 25 compared the electrochromic properties of mixed WO 3 -TiO 2 thin films fabricated by sputtering and sol-gel techniques. These authors point out that the addition of TiO 2 with molar percentages ranging from 10% to 15% reduced the crystallinity of WO 3 host and led to significant structural changes. Later, Wang and Hu successfully composed a TiO 2 -doped WO 3 film by spin coating and found that the Ti-addition stabilized the peroxotungstic acid in the spin coating solutions. 26 In 2005, Patil et al. 27 prepared WO 3 -TiO 2 films via a spray pyrolysis method and discussed the improved electrochromic reversibility and coloration efficiency.However, in these earlier works the coloration efficiency has not improved significantly to the level where it can be used in a practical smart window. Indeed, in some cases cert...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Change In Optital Densitymentioning

confidence: 86%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Gui

Blackwood

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) is another material that is widely employed for its electrochromicity [36], as a sensor material for gas sensing [37,38] and in optical data storage and switching [39]. The ionic radius of W 6+ is 0.062 nm, and Zn 2+ is 0.074 nm, thus it is theoretically possible for W 6+ to substitute for Zn 2+ in ZnO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and optical properties of nano-structured tungsten-doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Ngom

Mpahane

Manyala

et al. 2009

Applied Surface Science

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Advancement of Surface by Applying a Seemingly Simple Sol‐gel Oxide Materials

Krzak

Borak

Łukowiak

et al. 2016

Advanced Surface Engineering Materials

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Untitled

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Structural and optical properties of nano-structured tungsten-doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Advancement of Surface by Applying a Seemingly Simple Sol‐gel Oxide Materials

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Untitled

Cited by 50 publications

References 14 publications

Electrochromic Enhancement of WO3-TiO2Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Electrochromic Enhancement of WO3-TiO2Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Structural and optical properties of nano-structured tungsten-doped ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Advancement of Surface by Applying a Seemingly Simple Sol‐gel Oxide Materials

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Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization

Electrochromic Enhancement of WO₃-TiO₂Composite Films Produced by Electrochemical Anodization