X-rays for Archaeology

Uda, M.; Demortier, G.; Nakai, Izumi

doi:10.1007/1-4020-3581-0

Cited by 24 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 46 publications

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“…With the ever-expanding world of studies on artistic, historical and archaeological materials [1], it is a very hard task to think of writing a comprehensive paper on this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffraction in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Studies

Franceschi¹

2014

OALib

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X-ray powder diffraction methods have been more and more extensively used, in the last twenty years, in the characterization of different crystalline and non-crystalline materials of archaeological, historical, artistic interest. The present paper aims to discuss the use of these methods in studying different aspects related to the Cultural Heritage conservation. This purpose has been achieved by examining the results obtained during the studies carried out by the author and his collaborators on a number of objects formed by different materials, such as cellulose, paper, wood, papyrus, archaeological glasses, mosaics (non crystalline or only partially crystalline materials), ceramic, metals, their corrosion products, slags, stones, mortars, pigments (partially or almost completely crystalline materials).

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“…With the ever-expanding world of studies on artistic, historical and archaeological materials [1], it is a very hard task to think of writing a comprehensive paper on this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffraction in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Studies

Franceschi¹

2014

OALib

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PIXEand Material Analysis

Ruvalcaba‐Sil

2018

The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences

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Particle induced X‐ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) used with other complementary ion beam techniques is a well‐established method to measure the elemental composition of the surface of archaeological and historical materials. PIXE measurements are non‐destructive and require just a few minutes. The detection limits of PIXE may reach some μg/g. It is possible to analyze objects and samples directly using external beam devices in order to identify materials and to infer provenance of raw materials, and techniques of manufacture. Also, microbeam systems provide elemental maps of major and trace elements. PIXE can be successfully applied to practically all kinds of inorganic materials and objects from the archaeological record: pottery, stone objects (obsidian, flints, jade), gems, metallic artifacts, glaze, glass, bone and teeth, manuscripts, and paintings. Samples and objects need to be transported to an accelerator laboratory; this is the main limitation for the application of this technique.

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X ‐Ray Radiography

Morigi

2018

The Encyclopedia of Archaeological Sciences

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X‐ray radiography is a non‐destructive imaging technique widely used in the study of archaeological finds and works of art. It is capable of revealing the internal structure of objects thanks to the differential absorption of X‐rays as they pass through the matter. Radiograph contrast is determined by the radiation energy and the chemical composition, thickness, and density of the object examined. Radiography is a fast and versatile method: it can be applied with satisfactory results to most materials, including ceramics, stone, metal objects, and organic items, such as wood, textiles, and human remains. It is of great importance for the examination of cultural materials, because it can answer many questions about the manufacture, function, and conservation status of an object. However, a limitation of conventional radiography is that the information obtained is not depth‐resolved, as the 3D structure of the analyzed object is projected onto a 2D detector. To overcome this limitation, X‐ray computed tomography has been introduced and is being increasingly used in cultural heritage studies.

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X-rays for Archaeology

Cited by 24 publications

References 46 publications

X-Ray Diffraction in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Studies

X-Ray Diffraction in Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Studies

PIXEand Material Analysis

X ‐Ray Radiography

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