X-ray testing ATHENA optics at PANTER

Burwitz, V.; Vacanti, Giuseppe; Collon, Maximilien J.; Barrière, Nicolas M.; Bavdaz, Marcos; Ferreira, Ivo; Ayre, Mark; Tipper, Emily; Eder, Josef Maria; Breunig, Elias; Hartner, Gisela; Langmeier, A.; Müller, Thomas; Rukdee, Surangkhana; Schmidt, Thomas

doi:10.1117/12.2630414

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…A HEW scan, using a 0.1 mm wide beam at the XPBF 2.0 facility of PTB at BESSYII is overlayed to show the good agreement between the measurements done at both facilities. Reproduced from [23]. Note also the excellent angular resolution in the lateral direction, which is very beneficial for grating spectrometers, as suggested for the proposed NASA mission ARCUS.…”

Section: Mass-production Of Silicon Pore Opticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

Collon¹,

Abalo

Barrière

et al. 2022

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

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Athena is the European Space Agency's next flagship X-ray telescope, scheduled for launch in the 2030s. Its 2.5-m diameter mirror will be segmented and comprise more than 600 individual Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) grazing-incidenceangle imagers, called mirror modules. Arranged in concentric annuli and following a Wolter-Schwartzschild design, the mirror modules are made of several tens of primary-secondary mirror pairs, each mirror made of mono-crystalline silicon, coated to increase the collective area of the system, and shaped to bring the incoming photons to a common focus 12 m away. Aiming to deliver a half-energy width of 5", and an effective area of about 1.4 m 2 at 1 keV, the Athena mirror requires several hundred m 2 of super-polished surfaces with a roughness of about 0.3 nm and a thickness of just 110 µm. SPO, using the highest-grade double-side polished 300 mm wafers commercially available, were invented for this purpose and have been consistently developed over the last several years to enable next-generation X-ray telescopes like Athena. SPO makes it possible to manufacture cost-effective, high-resolution, large-area X-ray optics by using all the advantages that mono-crystalline silicon and the mass production processes of the semiconductor industry provide. Ahead of important programmatic milestones for Athena, we present the status of the technology, and illustrate not only recent X-ray results but also the progress made on the environmental testing, manufacturing and assembly aspects of the technology.

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Section: Mass-production Of Silicon Pore Opticsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…If one would block out today the first and last ribs (1 cm left and right, or 15% on each side of the 66 mm wide stacks), one would achieve a HEW of about 7", as shown in figure 7. For more details on these measurements see [23].…”

Section: Mass-production Of Silicon Pore Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

Collon¹,

Abalo

Barrière

et al. 2022

Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2022: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray

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“…The evolution of the angular resolution achieved over the past years with the SPO technology is shown in figure 3. The performance of X-ray Optical Units (XOUs) was measured at the XPBF beamlines in the laboratory of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation facility [39,40], complemented by additional measurements at the long beam facility PANTER [41,42]. Each XOU consists of two complete mirror stacks, as they will be used in the NewATHENA mirror, arranged in a Wolter-Schwarzschild configuration.…”

Section: Newathena Could Not Be Built With Any Of the Existing X-ray ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

NewATHENA optics technology

Bavdaz,

Wille,

Ayre

et al. 2023

Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI

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The re-formulation phase of the next generation x-ray observatory ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High ENergy Astrophysics) – now NewATHENA - is being utilized for further improvements of the optics technology. The Silicon Pore Optics (SPO) remains the technology of choice, since it uniquely combines a low mass, large effective area, and good angular resolution, addressing the challenge of the NewATHENA X-ray optics. The performance and preparation for the cost-effective implementation of the flight optics is being further evolved in a joint effort by industry, research institutions and ESA. The SPO technology greatly benefits from investments in the semiconductor industry and maximizes technology spin-in. Dedicated facilities have been and are being created to produce the required mirror plates, assemble them into stacks and mirror modules, integrate them into the complete telescope and measure the performance and compatibility with the NewATHENA technical and programmatic requirements. An overview of the activities preparing the implementation of the NewATHENA optics is provided.

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“…Several facilities are being considered for the integration and calibration of the ATHENA telescope: the synchrotron facilities XPBF 2.0 at the BESSY II facility in Berlin (Germany) [4] and MINERVA at the ALBA facility near Barcelona (Spain) [5]; conventional-source existing X-ray facilities such as PANTER near Munich (Germany) [6] and the NASA XRCF in Huntsville (Alabama, USA) [7]; the new X-ray facility BEaTriX near Milano (Italy) [8] and the UV [9] and X-ray facilities VERT-X [10] under development at MediaLario S.r.l also near Milan (Italy). Among these facilities, BEaTriX, the Beam Expander testing X-ray facility, will play the role of testing each MM for acceptance before integration into the Mirror Module Assembly (MAM), with a fast and precise X-ray screening.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The BEaTriX x-ray facility at work: activities and future development

Salmaso,

Spiga,

Basso

et al. 2023

Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XI

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The BEaTriX (Beam Expander Testing X-ray) facility has completed the commissioning phase. This unique compact facility – that occupies an area of 8 x 14 m2 - provides a large (170 mm × 60 mm) collimated (⪅ 2.5 arcsec) monochromatic beam at the energy of 4.51 keV. Its concept is based on the combination of a microfocus x-ray source, a parabolic mirror, and a set of silicon crystals, one of which is asymmetrically cut with respect to the lattice planes. The tests have proven the BEaTriX capability to perform the acceptance tests for Point Spread Function and Effective Area of the NewAthena Silicon Pore Optics Mirror Modules (MM) with a 3 MM/day throughput. The second BEaTriX beamline at the x-ray of 1.49 keV is currently being developed. The optomechanical design, and simulation of alignment tolerances have been completed. The parabolic mirror is being polished at INAF-OAB, on the basis of the experience matured with producing the parabolic mirror for the 4.51 keV beam line. The crystals for the monochromator (Quartz 10-10) and the beam expander (ADP 101) are being procured. Differently from the 4.51 keV beam line, all three crystals for the 1.49 keV are asymmetrically cut, as a special design has been adopted to guarantee the specifications. Owing to the good results obtained by BEaTriX at the INAF labs in Italy, a feasibility study is also ongoing to replicate the facility with a similar design at cosine B.V. in The Netherlands (where the MMs will be produced) for measuring the MMs SPO at 1.49 and 6.4 keV before and after the vibrational tests.

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X-ray testing ATHENA optics at PANTER

Cited by 5 publications

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The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

The development of the mirror for the Athena X-ray mission

NewATHENA optics technology

The BEaTriX x-ray facility at work: activities and future development

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