X-ray study ofM-shell ionization of heavy atoms by 8.0–35.2-MeVOq+ions: The role of the multiple-ionization effects

High resolution energy dispersive spectrometry (HiREDS), a new tool for X-ray emission work

“…The deconvolution of the multi-ionization satellite transitions M5N7N −1 , M5N7M −1 , M5N6N −1 and M5N6M −1 , automatically coded as M5N7_mN1, M5N7_mM1, M5N6_mN1 and M5N6_mM1 in the graph, are also shown. The energies found to be appropriate to obtain a good fit are 10 eV below those determined from the shift reported by Czarnota et al , 60 for all of these lines, except for M5N7M −1 , where it is seen to be 15 eV below that value. These lines are displayed in the same scale as the residuals, which are expanded ten times relative to the scale presented.…”

“…The fact that the intensity of these satellite lines is not known or is known with a large uncertainty, aggravates the doubts regarding the line shaping algorithm. In fact the resolution of XMS systems makes contributions such as radiative Auger–Meitner emissions (RAE), 58,59 on the low energy side, and multiple ionizations on the high energy side, 60 to significantly distort the peak shape, and most of the tail shapes, if these are present.…”

“…Line widths are mostly those reported by Perkins, 63 and exceptions are indicated as modified ad hoc to obtain a better and consistent fit, (b) reported by Raboud, 66 and (c) assumed to be identical to (b). Multi-ionization satellites, labelled X_mN1, and hyper-satellites, labelled X_mM1, were calculated by adding the shift reported by Czarnota et al 60 to the energy value of the associated diagram transition. The values considered for M5N6X_mM1, and M5N7X_mM1 were reduced by 10 eV, after a careful analysis of the initial fit.…”

X-ray emission induced by 1.2–3.6 MeV Kr13+ions

“…Because of the large mismatch between the projectile and target energy levels, electrons excitations are mainly caused by DI. Some works (Banaś et al, 2002;Czarnota et al, 2009) explain energy shifting by the multiple ionization effects, we estimated Kr L α X-ray position by using energy difference between 3d and 2p orbital energy using the following formula (Li et al, 1981):…”

“…The ionization of M-shell can provide more information about the collision process because five subshells (3s 1/2 , 3p 1/2 , 3p 3/2 , 3d 3/ 2 , and 3d 5/2 ) are involved. Most of the previous work until now studied M-shell ionization with low Z projectiles (Rodrí-guez et al, 2002;Singh et al, 2006;Czarnota et al, 2009) such as protons, helium ions, and other heavy ions (Be, C, O, and F). The limited data are achieved in heavy ions with several MeV energy.…”