X-ray Spectroscopy of Muonic Atoms Isolated in Vacuum with Transition Edge Sensors

Okada, S.; Azuma, T.; Bennett, Douglas A.; Caradonna, Peter; Doriese, W. B.; Durkin, M. S.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Gard, Johnathon D.; Hashimoto, T.; Hayakawa, Ritsuko; Hilton, G. C.; Ichinohe, Yuto; Indelicato, P.; Isobe, T.; Kanda, S.; Katsuragawa, M.; Kawamura, N.; Kino, Yasushi; Miyake, Yasuhiro; Morgan, Kelsey M.; Ninomiya, Kazuhiko; Noda, Hirofumi; O’Neil, Galen C.; Okumura, T.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, Daniel R.; Shimomura, K.; Strasser, P.; Swetz, Daniel S.; Takahashi, Toshio; Takeda, Shin’ichiro; Takeshita, Satoshi; Tatsuno, H.; Ueno, Yuichiro; Ullom, Joel N.; Watanabe, Shin; Yamada, S.

doi:10.1007/s10909-020-02476-5

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Highly charged ions provide stringent tests of atomic theory and quantum electrodynamics (QED) [25,26]. Exotic atoms-in which an unstable particle such as a pion [27,28,29], kaon [30,31], muon [32], or antiproton [33] replaces an electronprobe both QED and the nuclear theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Measurements of ionized or exotic atoms require instruments with excellent calibration, typically achieved through the use of x-ray lines of known energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Fowler,

O'Neil,

Alpert

et al. 2020

Preprint

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We use an array of transition-edge sensors, cryogenic microcalorimeters with 4 eV energy resolution, to measure L x-ray emission-line profiles of four elements of the lanthanide series: praseodymium, neodymium, terbium, and holmium. The spectrometer also surveys numerous x-ray standards in order to establish an absolute-energy calibration traceable to the International System of Units for the energy range 4 keV to 10 keV. The new results include emission line profiles for 97 lines, each expressed as a sum of one or more Voigt functions; improved absolute energy uncertainty on 71 of these lines relative to existing reference data; a median uncertainty on the peak energy of 0.24 eV, four to ten times better than the median of prior work; and 6 lines that lack any measured values in existing reference tables. The 97 lines comprise nearly all of the most intense L lines from these elements under broad-band x-ray excitation. The work improves on previous measurements made with a similar cryogenic spectrometer by the use of sensors with better linearity in the absorbed energy and a gold x-ray absorbing layer that has a Gaussian energy-response function. It also employs a novel sample holder that enables rapid switching between science targets and calibration targets with excellent gain balancing. Most of the results for peak energy values shown here should be considered as replacements for the currently tabulated standard reference values, while the line shapes given here represent a significant expansion of the scope of available reference data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Fowler,

O'Neil,

Alpert

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…6 Internal electric field strength of muonic atoms for each principal quantum number from n = 1 to 14, and of normal hydrogen-like atoms for n = 1, as a function of atomic number Z, calculated using only with Coulomb interaction. 16) Fig. 7 A correlation plot of the time difference between the arrival time of muon from the beamline and the X-ray detection by the TES detector vs the X-ray energy measured by the TES detector.…”

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“…Additionally, electrons contaminated in the muon beam. In the original paper, 16) other spectra are also shown at the same time; however, due to space limitations, those spectra are omitted. Fig.…”

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Physics Experiments using Quantum Beams Pioneered by a Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeter Array

Okada

2021

TEION KOGAKU

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An array of superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters is an attractive detector in research fields where high precision measurements are required. This paper introduces two examples of applying a 240-pixel TES microcalorimeter array (TES detector) to physics experiments using quantum beams. The first application is a series of experiments involving the precise X-ray spectroscopy of exotic atoms using three types of charged-particle beams (i.e., pion, kaon, and muon) at large-scale proton accelerator facilities: Paul Scherrer Institute and J-PARC. The improvement in measurement accuracy by an order of magnitude has brought about great progress in research on exotic atoms. The second application is an atomic-molecule collision experiment using atomic or molecular beams with a cryogenic electrostatic ion storage ring at RIKEN. This is the world's first attempt to apply a TES detector to the detection of "neutral low-energy atoms and molecules" instead of "photons", aiming to use it as a new high-resolution mass spectrometer.

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“…Precision studies of exotic atoms are now possible due to the development of a new generation of microcalorimeter detectors, with improved resolution and accuracy, tested successfully in the harsh conditions of high-energy accelerators [51,[73][74][75]. An accuracy of 0.04 eV has been attained for 6.4 keV [76], and resolutions of ∆E/E ∼ 10 −4 [75][76][77]. In the 50 keV to 100 keV range, a resolution of 22 eV [76] at 97.4 keV has been achieved, while an accuracy of 0.4 eV [78] was demonstrated for the 241 Am γ-ray line at 60 keV.…”

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Testing Quantum Electrodynamics with Exotic Atoms

Paul,

Bian,

Azuma

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Precision study of few-electron, high-Z ions is a privileged field for probing high-field, boundstate quantum electrodynamics (BSQED). However, the accuracy of such tests is plagued by nuclear uncertainties, which are often larger than the BSQED effects under investigation. We propose an alternative method with exotic atoms, and show that transitions may be found between circular Rydberg states where nuclear contributions are vanishing while BSQED effects remain large. When probed with newly available quantum sensing detectors, these systems offer gains in sensitivity of 1 to 2 orders of magnitude, while the mean electric field in these systems largely exceeds the Schwinger limit.

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X-ray Spectroscopy of Muonic Atoms Isolated in Vacuum with Transition Edge Sensors

Cited by 16 publications

References 11 publications

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Absolute energies and emission line shapes of the L x-ray transitions of lanthanide metals

Physics Experiments using Quantum Beams Pioneered by a Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor Microcalorimeter Array

Testing Quantum Electrodynamics with Exotic Atoms

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