X-ray spectroscopy of high-energy density inertial confinement fusion plasmas

Abstract

Analysis is presented of K- and L-shell spectra obtained from Ar and Xe dopants seeded into the fuel region of plastic capsules indirectly imploded using the Nova laser. Stark broadening measurements of the n=3-1 lines in H- and He-like Ar (Ar Ly-β and He-β, respectively) are used to infer fuel electron density, while spatially averaged fuel electron temperature is deduced from the ratio of the intensities of these lines. Systematic variations in Ar spectral features are observed as a function of drive conditions. A spectral postprocessing code has been developed to simulate experimental spectra by taking into account spatial gradients and line transfer effects, and shows good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that correct modeling of the x-ray emission requires a proper treatment of the coupled radiative transfer and kinetics problem. Continuum lowering effects are shown not to affect diagnostic line ratios, within the confines of a simple model. A recently developed diagnostic based on fitting measured line profiles of Ar He-β and its associated dielectronic satellites to theory is shown to provide a simultaneous measure of electron temperature and electron density. L-shell Xe spectroscopy is under development as an electron temperature and electron-density diagnostic. Density and temperature sensitive ratios of spectral features each consisting of many lines have been identified. Observed Xe spectra from imploded cores show the same qualitative behavior with temperature, as predicted by model calculations of Xe emission spectra. Stark broadening of Ne-like Xe 4-2 lines appears viable as an electron density diagnostic for Ne∼1025 cm−3 and is under continuing investigation. (Based on the invited paper 8I3 at the 1992 APS/DPP annual meeting [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 37, 1553 (1992)].)

Processing of spectrally resolved x-ray images of inertial confinement fusion implosion cores recorded with multimonochromatic x-ray imagers

“…By processing and interpreting it properly, the gated MMI data have potential to unveil various important aspects of inertial confinement fusion experiments, such as changes in the implosion core volume shape and size, space-averaged changes in temperature and density based on space-integrated spectrum, 27,28,30 and the evolution of electron temperature and density spatial structure based on the analysis of narrowband images and the space-integrated spectrum. 17 FIG.…”

“…This assumption is appropriate as our broadband images are defined over argon Heb, Hec, and Lyb lines, which have small optical depths in argon-doped implosions. 27,28 The goal of this method is to find the parameters A i and r i for the 3D emissivity distribution, which can reproduce the experimental broadband images recorded along TIM3, TIM4, and TIM5. To search for the parameters we used a PGA followed up by a Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) minimization method to refine the parameters.…”

The effect of improved satellite line shapes on the argon Heβ spectral feature

“…Subsequently, independent calculations corroborated this spectroscopy diagnostic and applied it to the analysis of data recorded in experiments driven by the NOVA laser [2,3]. The diagnostic relies on the temperature sensitivity of the Li-like satellite line intensities relative to that of the Heb line and the density dependence in the Stark broadening of both satellite and Heb line profiles.…”

Application of spectral line shapes to the study of high density ICF plasmas

“…9 As has been discussed elsewhere proper interpretation of measured line ratios often implies consideration of detailed spectral simulations of these targets in order to include line transfer and other dense plasma effects.…”