X-ray Spectrometry

Abstract

I n this Review, we focus on the most significant and essential progress in X-ray spectrometry (XRS) published during the period from January 2010 to August 2011 covering developments and improvements in X-ray optics, X-ray detectors, new quantification models in X-ray spectra and data evaluation, micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) including 3D X-ray fluorescence (3D-XRF), elemental imaging techniques, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF), particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, and X-ray absorption spectrometry (XAS). Herein, we focus on X-ray spectrometry, and thus, X-ray radiography used for only investigating inside structure images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) is not covered. However, we will introduce articles including combinations of these X-ray imaging techniques and other spectroscopic techniques. In addition, different applications in each subfield of XRS, including sample preparation, standard materials, energy-dispersive XRF (ED-XRF), and wavelength-dispersive XRF (WD-XRF), are described. We attempt to look over the current trends in this analytical field by critically citing selected papers to support the research activity of the community of X-ray scientists.Since the previous review on XRS in Analytical Chemistry, an international group of scientists published two overviews on XRS 1,2 in the Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry covering the main fields of XRS analytical spectroscopic methods and instruments. These review articles involve all of the important sections of XRS in nine chapters: reviews, instrumentation, spectrum analysis, matrix correction and calibration, X-ray optics and micro fluorescence, synchrotron radiation (SR), TXRF, portable and mobile X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and online XRF and applications. The section on applications is categorized into geological and industrial minerals, environmental, archeological, cultural heritage, forensic science, etc. These review articles are useful, especially for an overall look at recent XRS research activities.The second edition of the book, "Elements of Modern X-ray Physics", was published. 3 It provides excellent explanations of the basics of X-ray physics, interactions with matter, X-ray sources,

Elementos-Traço Em Áreas De Vegetação Nativa E Agricultura Intensiva Do Estado De Mato Grosso Determinados Por Fluorescência De Raios-X Por Reflexão Total

“…Quanto mais complexa é a matriz, como solos e sedimentos, maiores tendem a ser o LD . Esse fato, além de outros relacionados na literatura (Stosnach, 2005;Tsuji et al, 2012) (Stosnach, 2005;Tjuii et al, 2012). No entanto, quando se deseja aperfeiçoar as análises e detectar multielementos na amostra, a escolha da concentração do padrão interno é complicada em se tratando de amostras complexas como solo.…”

“…Entre essas, a fluorescência de raios-X por reflexão total (TXRF) tem se destacado para a determinação analítica da composição elementar em diferentes áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que essa técnica tem se evidenciado versátil para ser aplicada em diversas matrizes: sangue (Dogan et al, 1993;Martinez et al, 2004;Telgmann et al, 2011); fármacos (Stosnach, 2010); água e lixiviados (Lattuada et al, 2009;Tejeda et al, 2010;Cataldo, 2012); lodo de esgoto (Stosnach, 2005); mercúrio em vidro (Stosnach, 2005); geologia (Bakhtiarov et al, 2007); solo (Chimidza et al, 2001;Bohlen von et al, 2003;Olise et al, 2005;Stosnach, 2005;Chou et al, 2010;); efluentes industriais ; e produtos petroquímicos (Cinosi et al, 2011). Tsuji et al (2012) apresentaram ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre o avanço em espectometria de fluorescência de raios-X (XRF), destacando as inovações e os vários campos de aplicação da TXRF.…”

“…Os teores de todos os elementos detectados pelo TXRF, exceto o Cr, estão dentro das faixas dos relatados para solos não contaminados e muito inferiores aos limites de alerta estipulados na literatura. (Stosnach, 2005;Tsuji et al, 2012). Em relação a outras técnicas de XRF, são destacados na TXRF: menores limites de detecção (LD), menor espalhamento da radiação e menores ruídos de fundo (background) (Stosnach, 2005;Tsuji et al, 2012) Sendo assim, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o uso de um aparelho de TXRF, de bancada, para determinar Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Se, Hg e Pb em amostras de solo de áreas de agricultura intensiva e vegetação nativa de várias localidades do Estado de Mato Grosso, comparando-se os resultados com os obtidos por espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama ou forno de grafite e com os teores relatados na literatura para solos não contaminados.…”

Simulation of layer measurement with confocal micro-XRF

“…By scanning perpendicular to the sample surface (usually a line scan), the different layers become visible. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] In this paper, we present a simulation model for depth profiling of layered structures with confocal micro-XRF. In comparison with other models, [11,12] our model is very simple and uses an analytical calculation (no Monte Carlo simulation).…”

Full-field transmission x-ray imaging with confocal polycapillary x-ray optics

“…A polycapillary focusing x-ray optic can focus a divergent x-ray beam onto a small sample spot for micro x-ray analysis. 15,16 A polycapillary collimating optic can form a divergent x-ray beam into a quasi-parallel beam for x-ray diffraction. [17][18][19] In addition, both focusing and collimating polycapillary optics only accept x-ray photons emitted within a finite region, and so can be used to selectively collect divergent radiation, for example, for micro analysis.…”