X-ray ptychographic computed tomography at 16 nm isotropic 3D resolution

Holler, Mirko; Díaz, Ana; Guizar‐Sicairos, Manuel; Karvinen, Petri; Färm, Elina; Härkönen, Emma; Ritala, Mikko; Menzel, Andreas; Raabe, Jörg; Bunk, Oliver

doi:10.1038/srep03857

Cited by 322 publications

(302 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…A first attempt was aimed at reconstructing the network morphology inside the beetle scale using conventional room-temperature PXCT, [20] Adv. Mater.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary‐Optimized Photonic Network Structure in White Beetle Wing Scales

et al. 2017

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Whiteness arises from the random scattering of incident light from disordered structures. [1] Opaque white materials have to contain a sufficiently large number of scatterers and therefore usually require thicker, material-rich nanostructures than structural color arising from the coherent interference of light. [2,3] In nature, bright white appearance arises from the dense arrays of pterin pigments in pierid butterflies, [4] guanine crystals in spiders, [5] or leucophore cells in the flexible skin of cuttlefish. [6] A striking example of such whiteness is found in the chitinous networks of white beetles, e.g., Lepidiota stigma and Cyphochilus sp. [7][8][9] Previous research investigating these beetle structures has shown that the chitinous network is one of the most strongly scattering materials in nature, and therefore the question arises whether this structure is evolutionary optimized for strong scattering while minimizing the Most studies of structural color in nature concern periodic arrays, which through the interference of light create color. The "color" white however relies on the multiple scattering of light within a randomly structured medium, which randomizes the direction and phase of incident light. Opaque white materials therefore must be much thicker than periodic structures. It is known that flying insects create "white" in extremely thin layers. This raises the question, whether evolution has optimized the wing scale morphology for white reflection at a minimum material use. This hypothesis is difficult to prove, since this requires the detailed knowledge of the scattering morphology combined with a suitable theoretical model. Here, a cryoptychographic X-ray tomography method is employed to obtain a full 3D structural dataset of the network morphology within a white beetle wing scale. By digitally manipulating this 3D representation, this study demonstrates that this morphology indeed provides the highest white retroreflection at the minimum use of material, and hence weight for the organism. Changing any of the network parameters (within the parameter space accessible by biological materials) either increases the weight, increases the thickness, or reduces reflectivity, providing clear evidence for the evolutionary optimization of this morphology. amount of employed material, thus reducing the weight of the organism. The brilliant white reflection from Cyphochilus beetles is assumed to be important for camouflage among white fungi and in a shady environment.In contrast to periodic photonic materials, for which the optical response is straightforward to calculate, the reflection of light from such disordered network morphologies requires a detailed knowledge of local geometry. [2,3,9,10] For these complex cases, the validity of the diffusion approximation is limited, since single scattering elements are difficult to be identified. [7] To fully understand the correlation between the structure and (optical) properties of complex materials, the detailed real-space structure in combination with a s...

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“…A first attempt was aimed at reconstructing the network morphology inside the beetle scale using conventional room-temperature PXCT, [20] Adv. Mater.…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolutionary‐Optimized Photonic Network Structure in White Beetle Wing Scales

et al. 2017

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“…correcting for positional errors [20,110,182,307] but on the experimental side this problem is currently mainly approached by increasing the uence, e.g. [111,133,266,286,287,332].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially, in the eld of X-ray microscopy, ptychography has advanced to a powerful tool for imaging on the scale of a few nanometres of arti cial test structures in 2d [266,287,330,332] and 3d [59,133] as well as, for instance, biological specimen in 2d [62,97,172] and 3d [61,109,330]. Moreover, the ptychographic method has also been used for elemental speciation [21,135,285] and for sequential imaging of chemical reactions [142].…”

Section: Ptychographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In principle, the capability to separate the illuminating wave-eld from the object makes the retrieved object information free of aberrations. If the experimental conditions are su ciently good ptychography has even proven to yield quantitative phase maps with a resolution of the object information below 10 nm in two dimensions [266,287] and around 16 nm in three dimensions [133]. Recently, ptychography could also be shown to yield information under non-ideal experimental conditions such as a low degree of spatial and temporal coherence of the illuminating wave-eld [78,299] but also vibrational modes of the object could be extracted [42].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…That is, the obtained resolution is increasing but it remains well above the wavelength (cf. [133,266,314]). …”

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confidence: 99%

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2015

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Investigating the relative permeability behavior of microporosity‐rich carbonates and tight sandstones with multiscale pore network models

et al. 2016

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The relative permeability behavior of rocks with wide ranges of pore sizes is in many cases still poorly understood and is difficult to model at the pore scale. In this work, we investigate the capillary pressure and relative permeability behavior of three outcrop carbonates and two tight reservoir sandstones with wide, multimodal pore size distributions. To examine how the drainage and imbibition properties of these complex rock types are influenced by the connectivity of macropores to each other and to zones with unresolved small‐scale porosity, we apply a previously presented microcomputed‐tomography‐based multiscale pore network model to these samples. The sensitivity to the properties of the small‐scale porosity is studied by performing simulations with different artificial sphere‐packing‐based networks as a proxy for these pores. Finally, the mixed‐wet water‐flooding behavior of the samples is investigated, assuming different wettability distributions for the microporosity and macroporosity. While this work is not an attempt to perform predictive modeling, it seeks to qualitatively explain the behavior of the investigated samples and illustrates some of the most recent developments in multiscale pore network modeling.

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X-ray ptychographic computed tomography at 16 nm isotropic 3D resolution

Cited by 322 publications

References 31 publications

Evolutionary‐Optimized Photonic Network Structure in White Beetle Wing Scales

Evolutionary‐Optimized Photonic Network Structure in White Beetle Wing Scales

Coherent X-ray diffractive imaging on the single-cell-level of microbial samples

Investigating the relative permeability behavior of microporosity‐rich carbonates and tight sandstones with multiscale pore network models

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