X-ray powder diffraction-based method for the determination of the glass content and mineralogy of coal (co)-combustion fly ashes

Font, Oriol; Moreno, Natàlia; Querol, Xavier; Izquierdo, María; Álvarez, Esther; Dı́ez, Sergi; Elvira, J.J.; Antenucci, Diano; Nugteren, Henk; Plana, F.; López, Ana Calleja; Coca, P.; Peña, Francisco García

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2009.11.024

Cited by 59 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…All the fly ashes investigated were produced at combustion temperatures of 1400-1500 ºC in different PCC plants fed with coal, coal/petroleum coke, and coal/biomass blends. Details on the chemical and mineralogical composition of these fly ashes are reported elsewhere [14]. Table 1 displays the weight fraction of the two majority phases (quartz and mullite) as well as the amorphous content of the samples, determined with the RI method in Ref.…”

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 displays the weight fraction of the two majority phases (quartz and mullite) as well as the amorphous content of the samples, determined with the RI method in Ref. [14]. Note that the present work is restricted to PCC samples, which display a similar mineralogy, carbon content, loss-on-ignition content, and Si/Al ratios [14].…”

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[14]. Note that the present work is restricted to PCC samples, which display a similar mineralogy, carbon content, loss-on-ignition content, and Si/Al ratios [14]. Fly ashes produced with other combustion processes, such as fluidized bed combustion (FBC), exhibit a different chemical composition and mineralogy and would require a separate full-pattern analysis.…”

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different methods have been employed to quantify from the XRD spectra the proportion of the crystalline phases as well as of the amorphous (glassy) content of the fly ashes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Reference Intensity (RI) methods, in which the samples are spiked with a known mass of internal standard, allow the determination of the proportions of the different crystalline phases from the intensity ratio between the (usually most intense) peak of each crystalline phase and that of the internal standard [15][16].…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, standard-addition methods allow one to assess the content of a given phase by adding different known amounts of that phase and constructing a calibration curve. Standard-addition methods also enable one to determine the amorphous content of the fly ashes, provided that a reliable standard for the amorphous phase is available [14]. However, both the RI and the standard-addition methods usually require a large number of steps and are limited to a small number of crystalline phases.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Rietveld analysis of the crystalline and amorphous phases in coal fly ashes

Ibáñez

Font

Moreno

et al. 2013

Fuel

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ABSTRACT:X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) in combination with the Rietveld method was used to evaluate the proportion of crystalline and amorphous (glassy) phases in fly ashes produced in pulverized-coalcombustion (PCC) power plants. The quantification of amorphous phases through the Rietveld method is most usually carried out i) by using an internal standard or ii) by using a poorly-crystalline phase to represent the amorphous phase in the lineshape calculations. In the present work, we explore the usefulness of an alternative method that relies on the calibration of the broad XRD signal arising from the amorphous phase. This procedure, which does not require any spiking of the samples, provides a suitable alternative to evaluate in an easy, fast and consistent manner the amount of crystalline and amorphous phases in the fly ashes.

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Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Rietveld analysis of the crystalline and amorphous phases in coal fly ashes

Ibáñez

Font

Moreno

et al. 2013

Fuel

Self Cite

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Analysis of the transformation behaviors of a Chinese coal ash using in‐/ex‐situ XRD and SEM‐EXD

Lin

Wang

Miyawaki

et al. 2014

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Crystal and phase transitions of a Chinese Datong coal ash were evaluated using room temperature X-ray diffraction (RT-XRD), in-situ high temperature (HT)-XRD, and scanning electron microscope combining energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) as temperature varied from 300°C to 1600°C. The transforming behaviors of ash were related to its melting properties. Results revealed that the transforming behavior of minerals from in-situ HT-XRD was different with that from routine RT-XRD. Low-temperature Datong ash contained quartz and clays (such as kaolinite); the changes in minerals at low-temperature region (300-1000°C) were mainly due to the minerals decomposition and partial phase transition. Significant transition of quartz to cristobalite occurred at ca. 1100°C; the continuous transition and reaction of silica and alumina at ca. 1200°C accelerated the softening of the ash (ST ≈ 1290°C). An X-ray amorphous liquid phase was formed mainly by the eutectic solution of silica and mullite at ca. 1400°C, which obviously affected the hemisphere temperature (HT ≈ 1490°C) of ash; meanwhile, ultra fine alumina solid particles, which were probably derived from kaolinite, were found in the melted ash. Virtually, the fusing (FT > 1500°C) of Datong ash was considered to be determined by the formation of solid particles and eutectic solution. Eventually, the semi-quantitative evaluation of transformations of ash was successfully obtained through the combined methods.

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Characteristics of High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortar

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RILEM Bookseries

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X-ray powder diffraction-based method for the determination of the glass content and mineralogy of coal (co)-combustion fly ashes

Cited by 59 publications

References 22 publications

Quantitative Rietveld analysis of the crystalline and amorphous phases in coal fly ashes

Quantitative Rietveld analysis of the crystalline and amorphous phases in coal fly ashes

Analysis of the transformation behaviors of a Chinese coal ash using in‐/ex‐situ XRD and SEM‐EXD

Characteristics of High Calcium Fly Ash Geopolymer Mortar

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