X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the electrochemically n-doped state of a conducting polymer

Naudin, Eric; Dabo, Pierre; Guay, Daniel; Bélanger, Daniel

doi:10.1016/s0379-6779(02)00202-3

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The doping level values ( x ) were also calculated from electrochemical characterizations, considering for each polymer the upper film thickness which allows to observe well‐defined p ‐ and n ‐doping processes. They are within the range observed in literature for polythiophenes 43, 44. The very low values observed for PET doping levels ( x p and x n ) might be ascribed to the fact that upper film thickness, which allows to observe well‐defined doping processes in PET is higher than PTAT and PTTT, and a higher thickness can hamper the migration of counter ions inside the bulk of polymer to balance the doped state.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Introduction to the supplement, “Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates”

Goldenberg¹

2010

Cancer

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A novel polythiophene bearing a pendant terpyridine moiety has been synthesized by electrochemical polymerization of a new thiophene monomer, namely 4′‐(2,2′:5′,2″‐terthien‐3′‐ethynyl)‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine (TAT). The insertion of a conjugated ethynyl spacer between the terthiophene and the terpyridine fragments provides for an effective extension of the delocalization of electrons within the structural unit and the polymer as a whole. The synthesis and characterization of the relevant monomer, the electrosynthesis of the corresponding polymer and its electrochemical, UV–visible spectroelectrochemical and IR characterization are described. Finally, a comparison between the electrochemical, spectroscopic, and spectroelectrochemical properties of PTAT and the analogue, saturated‐spacer PTTT (TTT = 4′‐[(2,2′:5′,2″‐terthien‐3′‐yl)methoxy]‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) polymer is discussed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Introduction to the supplement, “Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates”

Goldenberg¹

2010

Cancer

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“…Neutron irradiation leads to significant and irreversible changes of both polymers, as can be inferred from the clear broadening of the S 2p lines, which alongside the chemical shift to higher binding energy (0.1 eV) has been linked to the presence of a positive charge on the sulfur resulting from oxidative doping202122 of poly(thiophenes). Notably, thermal annealing after irradiation leads to a further shift of +0.1 eV for P3HT, but not for PBTTT.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutron Radiation Tolerance of Two Benchmark Thiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers: the Importance of Crystallinity for Organic Avionics

Paternò

Robbiano

Fraser

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Aviation and space applications can benefit significantly from lightweight organic electronics, now spanning from displays to logics, because of the vital importance of minimising payload (size and mass). It is thus crucial to assess the damage caused to such materials by cosmic rays and neutrons, which pose a variety of hazards through atomic displacements following neutron-nucleus collisions. Here we report the first study of the neutron radiation tolerance of two poly(thiophene)s-based organic semiconductors: poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), P3HT, and the liquid-crystalline poly(2,5-bis (3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene), PBTTT. We combine spectroscopic investigations with characterisation of intrinsic charge mobility to show that PBTTT exhibits significantly higher tolerance than P3HT. We explain this in terms of a superior chemical, structural and conformational stability of PBTTT, which can be ascribed to its higher crystallinity, in turn induced by a combination of molecular design features. Our approach can be used to develop design strategies for better neutron radiation-tolerant materials, thus paving the way for organic semiconductors to enter avionics and space applications.

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“…Elemental compositions of conducting polymers can be studied by applying techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 14,15 and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 16 which can then be used for estimating the doping level.…”

Section: Estimation Of Doping Level Using Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of dopant effects in poly(3,4‐ethylenedi‐oxythiophene) using Raman spectroscopy

Chiu¹,

Travaš-Sejdić²,

Cooney³

et al. 2006

J Raman Spectroscopy

219

165

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Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the doping processes in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) PEDOT prepared via conventional electrochemical methods. The initially doped PEDOT films resulting from the polymerization process were first dedoped before being further oxidized in different electrolyte solutions at a number of different potentials to generate polymer films doped with a variety of dopants with different doping levels. Raman spectra of these re-doped PEDOT films were recorded ex-situ in order to monitor the progress of the re-doping processes by observing the shifts in the positions of CC stretching vibrations. This has provided an understanding of the extent of conversion between PEDOT structures from the dedoped state to the highly doped state during electrochemical re-doping. It was discovered that the extent of conversion varies with the type of dopant incorporated in the polymer films, which suggests that the doping process depends also on the nature of the dopant. Factors such as the size, the structural complexity and the charge on the dopant are believed to have significant effects on the efficiency of the doping processes in PEDOT. A curve-fitting method was also applied to fit the symmetric C a C b stretching band and its neighboring bands, in order to calculate the ratio of the band intensities due to the neutral and the oxidized structures in PEDOT. The doping level can then be approximately estimated by substituting this ratio into a previously determined correlation equation.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies of the electrochemically n-doped state of a conducting polymer

Cited by 22 publications

References 60 publications

Introduction to the supplement, “Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates”

Introduction to the supplement, “Cancer Therapy with Antibodies and Immunoconjugates”

Neutron Radiation Tolerance of Two Benchmark Thiophene-Based Conjugated Polymers: the Importance of Crystallinity for Organic Avionics

Studies of dopant effects in poly(3,4‐ethylenedi‐oxythiophene) using Raman spectroscopy

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