X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of some pure stages of graphite ferric chloride intercalation compounds

Usha, N.; Viswanathan, B.; Murthy, V. R. K.; Sobhanadri, J.

doi:10.1016/s1386-1425(97)00072-3

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Upon FeCl3 intercalation, the C1s peak slightly broadens and its binding energy is downshifted by 0.25 eV with respect to the pristine material (Figure 4.a). This shift is strong indication of electron transfer from the CNTs to FeCl3 in the intercalated state, consistent with observations on p-doped GICs [43,44]. It is the downshift in Fermi edge that causes reduction of the energy required for photoemission, thus leading to an apparent reduction in binding energy [43].…”

Section: Charge Transfer In Intercalated Fibressupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A significant deviation in binding energy of the Cl 2p3/2 peak from 198.8 eV (in normal FeCl3 crystals) [46] to 198.1 eV is encountered in the "fresh" intercalation compound (Figure 4.c), indicative of the charge transferred from CNTs to the FeCl3 compound. This shift is typical in FeCl3-GICs [44]. In the sample exposed to air for 2-months the position of the Cl 2p3/2 peak (not shown) is still lower than in isolated FeCl3 crystals, indicating stable intercalation and charge transfer over long times, although with a slightly lower charge transferred than in the fresh sample.…”

Section: Charge Transfer In Intercalated Fibresmentioning

confidence: 73%

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Macroscopic yarns of FeCl3-intercalated collapsed carbon nanotubes with high doping and stability

Madrona

Vila

Oropeza

et al. 2021

Carbon

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Section: Charge Transfer In Intercalated Fibressupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Charge Transfer In Intercalated Fibresmentioning

confidence: 73%

Macroscopic yarns of FeCl3-intercalated collapsed carbon nanotubes with high doping and stability

Madrona

Vila

Oropeza

et al. 2021

Carbon

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“…These results confirmed the significant potential of immobilized NZVI on the filter paper as an adsorbent for phosphate from wastewater, even after several cycles of membrane regeneration. From the results of the XRD, zeta potential, elemental mapping, and XPS analysis, it can be concluded that the phosphate ions adsorb on the Fe–OH bond and generate the Fe–O–P bond of Fe 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ·8H 2 O …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Highly Monodispersed, Stable, and Spherical NZVI of 20–30 nm on Filter Paper for the Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater: Batch and Column Study

Arshadi

Abdolmaleki

Eskandarloo

et al. 2018

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A nanobiodegradable adsorbent was prepared by stabilizing nanoscale zerovalent iron (NZVI) on cellulose filter paper. Characterization of the sample disclosed that the NZVI particles were rounded, well-monodispersed through the paper, and smaller than 30 nm in diameter. We explored this material's ability to capture phosphate ions in batch and repeated operations, specifically studying the impact of pH, adsorption time, initial phosphate concentration, interference ions, and temperature. The equilibrium results were matched to dissimilar kinds of adsorption isotherms, with the Sips adsorption model displaying the best match. The stabilized NZVI indicated high reusability after 7 adsorption−desorption cycles. We also demonstrated how this nanobiodegradable adsorbent could be applied to eliminate phosphate ions from a real water source (Cayuga Lake). In the continuous system, the results confirmed that an enhancement in the initial phosphate ion concentration improved the phosphate removal ability of the filter-paper-stabilized NZVI, likely due to more motive power for mass transfer by the greater phosphate concentration. However, an enhancement in bed height and flow rate reduced phosphate removal because of the higher flow rate decreasing the reaction time of the solution and adsorbent, whereas the higher bed height resulted in a channeling effect. Breakthrough curves gained from fixed-bed column tests showed the strong potential of the NZVI for phosphate ion sequestration. An artificial neural network model was used to envision the phosphate ions removal in both batch and continuous systems by this composite. The adsorption mechanism of phosphate onto the filter-paperstabilized NZVI was further investigated by X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, elemental mapping, and zeta potential techniques.

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“…By contrast, the FeCl 3 -intercalated sample does not show evidence of covalent bonding with carbon. 48,49 (more details are provided in the supplementary information) Figure 2A shows Raman spectra of pristine and intercalated FLG with Br 2 and FeCl 3 . The spectrum of pristine FLG shows the two main peaks characteristic of graphitic materials, namely, the G-peak at ~1580 cm -1 , resulting from the in-plane stretching mode (E 2g ) originating from the optical phonon near the Γ point, and the second-order 2D-peak at ~2743 cm -1 , which arises from two optical phonons at the K point.…”

Section: Figure 1: Survey Xps Spectra Showing the Coexistence Of Bulkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Doping of Few-Layer Graphene via a Combination of Intercalation and Surface Doping

Mansour

Kirmani

Barlow

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Surface molecular doping of graphene has been shown to modify its work function and increase its conductivity. However, the associated shifts in work function and increases in carrier concentration are highly coupled and limited by the surface coverage of dopant molecules on graphene. Here we show that few-layer graphene (FLG) can be doped using a hybrid approach, effectively combining surface doping by larger (metal-)organic molecules and intercalation of smaller molecules, such as Br and FeCl, into the bulk. Intercalation tunes the carrier concentration more effectively, whereas surface doping of intercalated FLG can be used to tune its work function without reducing the carrier mobility. This multimodal doping approach yields a very high carrier density and tunable increase in the work function for FLG, demonstrating a new versatile platform for fabricating graphene-based contacts for electronic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic applications.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of some pure stages of graphite ferric chloride intercalation compounds

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Macroscopic yarns of FeCl3-intercalated collapsed carbon nanotubes with high doping and stability

Macroscopic yarns of FeCl3-intercalated collapsed carbon nanotubes with high doping and stability

Synthesis of Highly Monodispersed, Stable, and Spherical NZVI of 20–30 nm on Filter Paper for the Removal of Phosphate from Wastewater: Batch and Column Study

Hybrid Doping of Few-Layer Graphene via a Combination of Intercalation and Surface Doping

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