“…However, the ratio of N to S on the surface of PPTA-AM was not the same as that in the reactant mixture of APTES and MPTES. The binding energies of N 1s showed three peaks of N 1S in PPTA-AM-90–PPTA-AM-30 that appeared at about 399, 400, and 401 eV, which can be assigned to NH 2 (Metwalli et al, 2006; Majumder et al, 2009), amide (Giordani et al, 2009), and the protonated NH 2 adjacent to Si-OH, respectively (Acres et al, 2012). The binding energies of Si 2p that appeared at about 102 and 103 eV indicated there were two types of Si in the polysilsesquioxane structure, which could be assigned to Si–O–Si and Si–OH, respectively (Kropman et al, 1997; Qiao et al, 2015).…”