X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometer with Electrostatic Deflection

Abstract

CHEMISTRYthe analytical group of the research and process department of the Union Oil Co. of California. Supervisory' personnel and management are provided with statistical reports that give a comprehensive survey of the operations of the group and also permit realistic predictions of future requirements for space, equipment, and personnel. The expense of centralizing all paper work and movement of samples is more than compensated by savings in analyst's and client's time. Furthermore, more effective utilization of the training and experience of the analysts is possible.These techniques should be effective in any analytical laboratory' of over 30 persons that is serving a research group. Not all of the procedures would necessarily' be advantageous, because the basic policies of another laboratory' might be sufficiently' different to make some procedures inefficient or even unnecessary. These techniques were not all developed in this laboratory; in fact, they are a composite of ideas from many laboratories.This paper is presented with the hope that it will be provocative and stimulate greater interchange of ideas on the subject. No claim is made that this is the best plan, even for this laboratory, but it is hoped that it will encourage readers to get in contact with the authors and exchange ideas for mutual benefit.

Surface Modification of Polymers

“…The ESCA data for the cured sample are displayed in Table 7. 9. This again indicates a very high loading of MDI in the surface region, and the angular data at 30° and 70° show that the MDI is more concentrated at the surface than the subsurface.…”

“…The upstream and coil region materials are A comparison has also been drawn with films deposited on alillllinium foil substrates, the relevant data being displayed in Table 5. 9.…”

“…The ESCA data for the cured sample in Table 7. 9 It is interesting to note that the MDI based material is slightly more concentrated at the surface compared with the subsurface.…”

“…On curing samples, the area ratios in Table 7. 9 suggests a functionality ratio of 4, (see Table 7.6.). The ESCA data for the cured sample are displayed in Table 7.…”

Surface Modification of Polymers

“…9. indicates that it exhibits a reasonable degree of homogeneity; the From the ~-0 intensity of 100 for the cured sample, (see Table 7.…”