X-Ray Phase Contrast Methods

Mayo, Sheridan C.; Endrizzi, Marco

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26553-7_54

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…We only look at the qualitative images while very high-level research focusses on the quantitative aspects. Phase contrast imaging is typically used to differentiate between materials of similar atomic number, where standard absorption contrast (AC) computed tomography shows insufficient contrast [6,7]. In radiographic imaging its is mostly used due to its edge enhancing effects.…”

Section: Setup At the Fh Upper Austriamentioning

confidence: 99%

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

Nafre¹,

Glinz²,

Schulz³

et al. 2022

eJNDT

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For the past century, X-ray imaging has been based on the attenuation of photon beams in a sample. Over the last few years, new imaging techniques called as X-ray phase contrast and dark field imaging have emerged. This method relies on the differential phase shifts of the X-ray wave on electron density gradients or on scattering in the sample. Phase effects enable enhanced imaging contrast for low ‘Z’ materials like plastics, carbon composites or even light metals and alloys. One of the principles for dark field imaging is Talbot-Lau Interferometry which is based on using three gratings. During the past decade, Microworks has produced high contrast gratings using the X-ray LIGA technique. Recently Microworks has started to develop mounting kits for Talbot-Lau interferometers as a product line, TALINT series. The first generation of the TALINT has been implemented at the University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria. Some industrially relevant applications with this system will be discussed in this paper. The subsequent version of the TALINT also known as TALINT EDU has also been discussed briefly in the last section of this paper.

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Section: Setup At the Fh Upper Austriamentioning

confidence: 99%

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

Nafre¹,

Glinz²,

Schulz³

et al. 2022

eJNDT

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“…Over recent decades, two (2D) and three dimensional (3D), i.e. tomographic, X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) methods have indicated significant advantages over conventional A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t absorption X-ray imaging in the imaging of objects with small absorption differences against the background they are immersed in, especially in applications requiring high spatial resolution [1][2][3][4] . XPCI methods take advantage of the phase-shift effects caused by a sample (supplementary to the absorption effect), leading to an increase in contrast when compared to conventional X-ray imaging 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation transfer function (MTF) evaluation for x-ray phase imaging system employing attenuation masks

et al. 2023

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Objective: Attenuation masks can be used in x-ray imaging systems to increase their inherent spatial resolution and/or make them sensitive to phase effects, a typical example being Edge Illumination X-ray phase contrast imaging (EI-XPCI). This work investigates the performance of a mask-based system such as EI-XPCI in terms of Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), in the absence of phase effects.Approach: Pre-sampled MTF measurements, using an edge, were performed on the same system implemented without masks, with non-skipped masks and finally with skipped masks (i.e., masks in which apertures illuminate every other pixel row/column). Results are compared to simulations and finally images of a resolution bar pattern acquired with all the above setups are presented.Main results: Compared to the detector’s inherent MTF, the non-skipped mask setup provides improved MTF results. In comparison to an ideal case where signal spill-out into neighbouring pixels is negligible, this improvement takes place only at specific frequencies of the MTF, dictated by the spatial repetition of the spill-out signal. This is limited with skipped masks, which indeed provide further MTF improvements over a larger frequency range. Experimental MTF measurements are supported through simulation and resolution bar pattern images.Significance: This work has quantified the improvement in MTF due to the use of attenuation masks and lays the foundation for how acceptance and routine quality control tests will have to be modified when systems using masks are introduced in clinical practice and how MTF results will compare to those of conventional imaging systems.

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“…For this reason, XPCI enables the extraction of image contrast from features scarcely visible in conventional attenuation-based imaging, such as soft tissues or highly granular structures 3 . Many XPCI techniques have been pioneered in synchrotron radiation facilities, proving their advantages in a vast range of applications 3,4 . The next compelling goal is to carry out the transition of XPCI from large and expensive infrastructures, to compact and (relatively) cheap setups that can be fitted in a laboratory environment 5 .…”

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confidence: 99%

PEPI Lab: a flexible compact multi-modal setup for X-ray phase-contrast and spectral imaging

Brombal

Arfelli

Menk

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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This paper presents a new flexible compact multi-modal imaging setup referred to as PEPI (Photon-counting Edge-illumination Phase-contrast imaging) Lab, which is based on the edge-illumination (EI) technique and a chromatic detector. The system enables both X-ray phase-contrast (XPCI) and spectral (XSI) imaging of samples on the centimeter scale. This work conceptually follows all the stages in its realization, from the design to the first imaging results. The setup can be operated in four different modes, i.e. photon-counting/conventional, spectral, double-mask EI, and single-mask EI, whereby the switch to any modality is fast, software controlled, and does not require any hardware modification or lengthy re-alignment procedures. The system specifications, ranging from the X-ray tube features to the mask material and aspect ratio, have been quantitatively studied and optimized through a dedicated Geant4 simulation platform, guiding the choice of the instrumentation. The realization of the imaging setup, both in terms of hardware and control software, is detailed and discussed with a focus on practical/experimental aspects. Flexibility and compactness (66 cm source-to-detector distance in EI) are ensured by dedicated motion stages, whereas spectral capabilities are enabled by the Pixirad-1/Pixie-III detector in combination with a tungsten anode X-ray source operating in the range 40–100 kVp. The stability of the system, when operated in EI, has been verified, and drifts leading to mask misalignment of less than 1 $$\upmu$$ μ m have been measured over a period of 54 h. The first imaging results, one for each modality, demonstrate that the system fulfills its design requirements. Specifically, XSI tomographic images of an iodine-based phantom demonstrate the system’s quantitativeness and sensibility to concentrations in the order of a few mg/ml. Planar XPCI images of a carpenter bee specimen, both in single and double-mask modes, demonstrate that refraction sensitivity (below 0.6 $$\upmu$$ μ rad in double-mask mode) is comparable with other XPCI systems based on microfocus sources. Phase CT capabilities have also been tested on a dedicated plastic phantom, where the phase channel yielded a 15-fold higher signal-to-noise ratio with respect to attenuation.

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X-Ray Phase Contrast Methods

Cited by 4 publications

References 171 publications

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

TALINT grating kits for X-ray interferometry in the industrial laboratory

Modulation transfer function (MTF) evaluation for x-ray phase imaging system employing attenuation masks

PEPI Lab: a flexible compact multi-modal setup for X-ray phase-contrast and spectral imaging

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