X-ray Optics

Montel, M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-025266-7.50026-2

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…9): The first optic consists of two Göbel Mirrors arranged in a 90°side-by-side geometry according to Montel, which shape the beam by a double reflection. [2,3] At Incoatec, this kind of optic is called Montel optic. A similar effect can be achieved when the multilayer is deposited onto ellipsoids for focusing or on paraboloidals for collimating the beam.…”

Section: Applications Of the X-ray Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscaled Multilayer Coatings for X‐Ray Optics

Hertlein¹,

Kroth²,

Michaelsen³

et al. 2008

Adv Eng Mater

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For modern X-ray analytics in the lab as well as at synchrotron sources, multilayer X-ray optics are used for X-ray beam conditioning. The optics should deflect, monochromatize, focus or collimate the X-ray beam. For X-rays the real part of the refractive index n is nearly 1, so that X-rays cannot be shaped by lenses. The refractive index n = 1-d+ib consists of the dispersion d and the absorption b. A possibility of controlled X-rays beam shaping exists by using Bragg's diffraction.According to Bragg's condition, radiation of a certain wavelength k which illuminates a periodic structure with lattice constant d is deflected under the angle h. Different orders m are deflected in different directions. The perfection of the lattice as well as the lattice materials determines the reflectivity R.Optimized periodic structures of high reflectivity with adjustable d-values can be obtained by multilayer deposition. These multilayers can consist of up to several hundred layer pairs of two materials with single layers of a few nanometers thickness. The first order (m=1) can show a very high reflectivity of up to 95 %, and the peak widths and energy bandwidths can be 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than for single crystals. The multilayers consist of a heavy reflector and a light spacer, usually with a high dispersion contrast at the interface. For a good X-ray multilayer, the absorption should be low to achieve high reflectivity and reasonably sharp Bragg reflections.Using multilayers with a lateral layer thickness profile that are deposited onto curved substrates, optical elements can created that deflect and shape X-rays. Such so-called Göbel Mirrors consist, for example, of a parabolically curved substrate, and a multilayer coating with d-values typically in the range 3-5 nm. Due to the parabolically curved shape in conjunction with the d-value gradient, the divergent beams emitted from an X-ray source are transformed into a parallel beam bundle using Bragg diffraction (see Fig. 1).

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Section: Applications Of the X-ray Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoscaled Multilayer Coatings for X‐Ray Optics

Hertlein¹,

Kroth²,

Michaelsen³

et al. 2008

Adv Eng Mater

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“…Another advanced and progressive technology was the invention of a liquid-metal anode [9] as an X-ray source (8-22 keV), which allows for achieving a brightness of 10 11 ph/sec, but in combination with Montel focusing mirrors that increase the density and maintain the uniformity of the flux [10]. An anode of this type is constantly regenerated and, therefore, increases the power of the source, compared to a conventional solid metal anode, for which the surface temperature of the surface in contact with the X-ray generating surface must not reach the melting point.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface for Semi-automatic Image Contrast Enhancement in the Propagation-based X-ray Phase Contrast Method

Polishchuk,

Pavlyuk,

Tarasenko

et al. 2023

J. Nano- Electron. Phys.

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This paper describes a graphical user interface developed for the normalization of radiograms and semiautomatic search for the most contrast images using a given reference, the experimental data for which were obtained using the analytical technique of X-ray phase contrast imaging. The projections of the biological object were obtained by applying free space propagation of coherent radiation when no additional optical elements are placed between the sample and the detector equipped with a YAG:Ce scintillator to exploit the interference effects characteristic of the method due to the high-intensity characteristics of the X-ray light of the SOLEIL synchrotron. The energy of the X-ray photons was 10 keV, and the distance between the sample and the detector was 16.5 cm. We consider the use of standard Matlab tools for algorithmic correction of inhomogeneities of the detector and probing light beam used to build an image of the internal structure of the object and to evaluate the contrast of a group of images, by choosing such common quality criteria as PSNR and SSIM. The program is able to generate such a set of images depending on the parameters entered by the user for a subjective search for contrast images. Numerical estimates well confirm the visual results of the algorithmic search and allow us to reach the most informative image from the generated array, which is created by the user using the interface. The aim of this work is to familiarize with the use of the developed software product and the concept of semi-automatic search among the dataset of digital phase-contrast images.

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X-ray Optics

Cited by 2 publications

References 135 publications

Nanoscaled Multilayer Coatings for X‐Ray Optics

Nanoscaled Multilayer Coatings for X‐Ray Optics

Interface for Semi-automatic Image Contrast Enhancement in the Propagation-based X-ray Phase Contrast Method

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