X‐Ray Microscopy: A Non‐Destructive Multi‐Scale Imaging to Study the Inner Workings of Batteries

Abstract

X-ray microscopy (XRM) is a non-destructive characterization technique that provides quantitative information regarding the morphology/composition of the specimen and allows to perform multiscale and multimodal 2D/3D experiments exploiting the radiation-matter interactions. XRM is particularly suitable to afford in situ images of inner parts of a battery and for the early diagnosis of its degradation in a non-invasive way. Since traditional characterization techniques (SEM, AFM, XRD) often require the removal of a component from the encapsu-lated device that may lead to non-desired contamination of the sample, the non-destructive multi-scale potential of XRM represents an important improvement to batteries investigation. In this work, we present the advanced technical features that characterize a sub-micron X-ray microscopy system, its use for the investigation of hidden and internal structures of different types of batteries and to understand their behavior and evolution after many charge/discharge cycles.

Preservation and Reproduction of an Ancient Human Humerus through X-ray Microscopy and 3D Printing

“…X-ray Microscopy (XRM) is a characterization technique that allows the three-dimensional investigation of internal features of specimens in a non-destructive way [10] [11] [12] [13]. XRM has been involved in wide range of applications such as aerospace [14,15], energy materials research [16,17,18], electronics and semiconductors [19,20], cultural heritage [21,22,23,24], biomedical engineering [25,26], and biology [27]. The contrast obtained in the final image strongly depends on the X-ray absorption phenomenon that occurs along the X-ray beam path L (in m) inside the sample which is function of the attenuation coefficient value µ(x) (in m -1 ) in a certain position x (in m) along the path inside the specimen and depends on the intensity of the X-ray beam before entering the sample I0 (in Watt).…”

Exploring the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using correlative microscopy and deep learning

“…However, XRM enables sub-micron resolution analysis that cannot be achieved with microCT, thanks to its unique optics-based design. XRM offers a broad range of applications in energy materials research and batteries 12 , 13 , cultural heritage characterization and preservation 14 – 17 , biomedical engineering 18 , 19 , electronics and semiconductors 20 , 21 , life sciences 22 – 24 , and food analysis 25 , 26 . Deep Learning (DL) based XRM reconstruction is an emerging technology that involves the utilisation of trained neural networks following the acquisition of a set of X-ray projections (or radiographs) and the subsequent reconstruction of a volume.…”

Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (CLEM): A Multifaceted Tool for the Study of Geological Specimens

“…CLEM can be combined with complementary destructive and non-destructive characterization techniques such as X-ray microscopy (XRM) [19][20][21][22][23], X-ray diffraction (XRD) [24,25], Raman spectroscopy [26,27], electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) [28,29], and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography [30].…”