X-Ray measurements and protection, 1913-1964

Taylor, Lauriston S.; Tilley, William

doi:10.6028/nbs.sp.625

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 72 publications

(125 reference statements)

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“…Two years later (1928), this conference would meet again at the Second International Congress of Radiology to approve the creation of an International X-ray and Radium Protection Committee-now known as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). In the following year (1929), the Radiological Society of North America, Radium Society, and American Roentgen Ray Society would work together to form the Advisory Committee on X-Ray and Radium Protection in the United States (Taylor 1981;Jones 2005). The national Advisory Committee, in a race to eliminate unnecessary injury and deaths, would need to issue radiation protection recommendations at a time when radiation dosimetry lacked standardization.…”

Section: Implementing a System Of Radiological Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science-informed Policy Making for Protecting People and the Environment from Radiation

Borrego,

Nagata,

Boyd

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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The process to arrive at the radiation protection practices of today to protect workers, patients, and the public, including sensitive populations, has been a long and deliberative one. This paper presents an overview of the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (US EPA) responsibility in protecting human health and the environment from unnecessary exposure to radiation. The origins of this responsibility can be traced back to early efforts, a century ago, to protect workers from x rays and radium. The system of radiation protection we employ today is robust and informed by the latest scientific consensus. It has helped reduce or eliminate unnecessary exposures to workers, patients, and the public while enabling the safe and beneficial uses of radiation and radioactive material in diverse areas such as energy, medicine, research, and space exploration. Periodic reviews and analyses of research on health effects of radiation by scientific bodies such as the National Academy of Sciences, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the International Commission on Radiological Protection continue to inform radiation protection practices while new scientific information is gathered. As a public health agency, US EPA is keenly interested in research findings that can better elucidate the effects of exposure to low doses and low dose rates of radiation as applicable to protection of diverse populations from various sources of exposure. Professional organizations such as the Health Physics Society can provide radiation protection practitioners with continuing education programs on the state of the science and describe the key underpinnings of the system of radiological protection. Such efforts will help equip and prepare radiation protection professionals to more effectively communicate radiation health information with their stakeholders.

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Section: Implementing a System Of Radiological Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Science-informed Policy Making for Protecting People and the Environment from Radiation

Borrego,

Nagata,

Boyd

et al. 2024

Health Physics

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“…This group was to become the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). The initial genesis of the NCRP in 1929 came from the push by the international radiology community to establish radiation protection guidelines for workers using X-ray systems for diagnosis and therapy [ 54 , 55 ]. However, radiation-protection standards for radium were also included in their mandate.…”

Section: Radium Protection Standards and The National Council On Radi...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The National Bureau of Standards and the Radium Dial Painters

Coursey

2021

J. RES. NATL. INST. STAN.

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The tragedy of the radium poisoning of young women dial painters in the 1920s has been the subject of best-selling books, plays, and motion pictures. With knowledge about radium and its accurate measurements in the hands of a very few scientists, what responsibilities did they have to sound the alarm and mitigate the hazards to workers and the general public? This two-part analysis looks at the role of the staff of the U.S. Bureau of Standards (the National Bureau of Standards [NBS] after 1934) in developing measurements and standards for accurate determinations of radium-226 and radon-222 that ultimately led to national standards for exposure to radioactive substances. Part I looks at the efforts of Elizabeth Hughes, with guidance from her senior colleague at the NBS, to assist dial painters with obtaining redress for their injuries. Part II examines the role of NBS in establishing the national radiation protection standards that were promulgated by the U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) and the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP).

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