X-Ray Lasers in Biology

Spence, John C. H.

doi:10.1016/bs.aiep.2017.01.008

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…The field has been extensively reviewed [11,[232][233][234][235][236]]. An overview is contained in the articles by many authors included in the write-up of the 'Biology with free-electron x-ray lasers' discussion meeting, contained in a special issue of the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society [237] and in [238].…”

Section: Structural Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

et al. 2017

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This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the qualities of the radiation they produce, the challenges of transmitting that radiation to end users and the diversity of current scientific applications. Initial consideration is given to FEL theory in order to provide the foundation for discussion of FEL output properties and the technical challenges of short-wavelength FELs. This is followed by an overview of existing x-ray FEL facilities, future facilities and FEL frontiers. To provide a context for information in the above sections, a detailed comparison of the photon pulse characteristics of FEL sources with those of other sources of high brightness x-rays is made. A brief summary of FEL beamline design and photon diagnostics then precedes an overview of FEL scientific applications. Recent highlights are covered in sections on structural biology, atomic and molecular physics, photochemistry, non-linear spectroscopy, shock physics, solid density plasmas. A short industrial perspective is also included to emphasise potential in this area.

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Section: Structural Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

et al. 2017

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“…The field of XFEL applications to structural biology has been reviewed by Bostedt et al (2016), Spence (2017b) and Schlichting (2015), in a special issue of Philosophical Transactions , in a special issue of Structural Dynamics (Ourmazd, 2015) and by Spence et al (2012). A simple explanation of the operation of the XFEL can be found in Ribic et al (2012), and the history of the invention of the XFEL has been reviewed by Pellegrini (2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

XFELs for structure and dynamics in biology

Spence

2017

IUCrJ

154

105

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The development and application of the free-electron X-ray laser (XFEL) to structure and dynamics in biology since its inception in 2009 are reviewed. The research opportunities which result from the ability to outrun most radiationdamage effects are outlined, and some grand challenges are suggested. By avoiding the need to cool samples to minimize damage, the XFEL has permitted atomic resolution imaging of molecular processes on the 100 fs timescale under near-physiological conditions and in the correct thermal bath in which molecular machines operate. Radiation damage, comparisons of XFEL and synchrotron work, single-particle diffraction, fast solution scattering, pump-probe studies on photosensitive proteins, mix-and-inject experiments, caged molecules, pH jump and other reaction-initiation methods, and the study of molecular machines are all discussed. Sample-delivery methods and data-analysis algorithms for the various modes, from serial femtosecond crystallography to fast solution scattering, fluctuation X-ray scattering, mixing jet experiments and singleparticle diffraction, are also reviewed.

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“…If we take the complex refractive index into the above equation, we can get the maximum ring intensity [150],…”

Section: Light Source and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status of Single Particle Imaging with X-ray Lasers

Sun

Fan

et al. 2018

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:The advent of ultrafast X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) opens the tantalizing possibility of the atomic-resolution imaging of reproducible objects such as viruses, nanoparticles, single molecules, clusters, and perhaps biological cells, achieving a resolution for single particle imaging better than a few tens of nanometers. Improving upon this is a significant challenge which has been the focus of a global single particle imaging (SPI) initiative launched in December 2014 at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, USA. A roadmap was outlined, and significant multi-disciplinary effort has since been devoted to work on the technical challenges of SPI such as radiation damage, beam characterization, beamline instrumentation and optics, sample preparation and delivery and algorithm development at multiple institutions involved in the SPI initiative. Currently, the SPI initiative has achieved 3D imaging of rice dwarf virus (RDV) and coliphage PR772 viruses at~10 nm resolution by using soft X-ray FEL pulses at the Atomic Molecular and Optical (AMO) instrument of LCLS. Meanwhile, diffraction patterns with signal above noise up to the corner of the detector with a resolution of~6 Ångström (Å) were also recorded with hard X-rays at the Coherent X-ray Imaging (CXI) instrument, also at LCLS. Achieving atomic resolution is truly a grand challenge and there is still a long way to go in light of recent developments in electron microscopy. However, the potential for studying dynamics at physiological conditions and capturing ultrafast biological, chemical and physical processes represents a tremendous potential application, attracting continued interest in pursuing further method development. In this paper, we give a brief introduction of SPI developments and look ahead to further method development.

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X-Ray Lasers in Biology

Cited by 4 publications

References 147 publications

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

Short-wavelength free-electron laser sources and science: a review

XFELs for structure and dynamics in biology

Current Status of Single Particle Imaging with X-ray Lasers

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