“…In astrobiology, X-ray-induced chemical reactions in the interstellar environment may lead to the formation of recently observed complex organic molecules . In nuclear physics and weapons design, limiting long-term X-ray damage is critical to ensuring longevity and proper performance of systems. , In biology, X-ray-induced reactions lead to loss of functionality of biologically important molecules, particularly those containing metal centers. − In radiotherapy, X-ray-induced bond breaking reactions are employed to selectively kill cancerous cells. , Additionally, recent work in the developing field of useful hard X-ray photochemistry has shown that X-ray-induced chemical reactions can be harnessed and controlled to synthesize new compounds such as doped solid-CO, a new type of CsO 2, OF 2, and possibly CsF 2 and CsF 3 . Moreover, X-rays can be harnessed to produce simple molecules such as Cl 2 , O 2 , and even F 2 , , in situ inside diamond anvil cells (DACs) for study at high pressure and to serve as reactants for further chemical reactions.…”