X-Ray Emission Spectra from High-Power-Laser-Produced Plasmas

Ripin, H.; Burkhalter, P. G.; Young, F.C.; McMahon, John M.; Colombant, D.; Bodner, S. E.; Whitlock, R. R.; Nagel, D. J.; Johnson, D. J.; Winsor, N. K.; Dozier, C. M.; Bleach, R. D.; Stamper, J. A.; McLean, E. A.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.34.1313

Cited by 73 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…A typical x-ray spectrum is shown in Fig. 4-4(a) from experiments at NRL by Ripin et al 101 in which solid CH 2 targets were irradiated at $10 16 W/cm 2 with 21-ps, 1-lm pulses. They claimed that magnetic fields, rather than a suprathermal electron component, were sufficient to explain the data (by inhibiting the thermal heat flux) and gave predictions of a magnetic-field model that came close to the data.…”

Section: B Suprathermal Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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The direct-drive, laser-based approach to inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is reviewed from its inception following the demonstration of the first laser to its implementation on the present generation of high-power lasers. The review focuses on the evolution of scientific understanding gained from target-physics experiments in many areas, identifying problems that were demonstrated and the solutions implemented. The review starts with the basic understanding of laser–plasma interactions that was obtained before the declassification of laser-induced compression in the early 1970s and continues with the compression experiments using infrared lasers in the late 1970s that produced thermonuclear neutrons. The problem of suprathermal electrons and the target preheat that they caused, associated with the infrared laser wavelength, led to lasers being built after 1980 to operate at shorter wavelengths, especially 0.35 μm—the third harmonic of the Nd:glass laser—and 0.248 μm (the KrF gas laser). The main physics areas relevant to direct drive are reviewed. The primary absorption mechanism at short wavelengths is classical inverse bremsstrahlung. Nonuniformities imprinted on the target by laser irradiation have been addressed by the development of a number of beam-smoothing techniques and imprint-mitigation strategies. The effects of hydrodynamic instabilities are mitigated by a combination of imprint reduction and target designs that minimize the instability growth rates. Several coronal plasma physics processes are reviewed. The two-plasmon–decay instability, stimulated Brillouin scattering (together with cross-beam energy transfer), and (possibly) stimulated Raman scattering are identified as potential concerns, placing constraints on the laser intensities used in target designs, while other processes (self-focusing and filamentation, the parametric decay instability, and magnetic fields), once considered important, are now of lesser concern for mainline direct-drive target concepts. Filamentation is largely suppressed by beam smoothing. Thermal transport modeling, important to the interpretation of experiments and to target design, has been found to be nonlocal in nature. Advances in shock timing and equation-of-state measurements relevant to direct-drive ICF are reported. Room-temperature implosions have provided an increased understanding of the importance of stability and uniformity. The evolution of cryogenic implosion capabilities, leading to an extensive series carried out on the 60-beam OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)], is reviewed together with major advances in cryogenic target formation. A polar-drive concept has been developed that will enable direct-drive–ignition experiments to be performed on the National Ignition Facility [Haynam et al., Appl. Opt. 46(16), 3276 (2007)]. The advantages offered by the alternative approaches of fast ignition and shock ignition and the issues associated with these concepts are described. The lessons learned from target-physics and implosion experiments are taken into account in ignition and high-gain target designs for laser wavelengths of 1/3 μm and 1/4 μm. Substantial advances in direct-drive inertial fusion reactor concepts are reviewed. Overall, the progress in scientific understanding over the past five decades has been enormous, to the point that inertial fusion energy using direct drive shows significant promise as a future environmentally attractive energy source.

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Section: B Suprathermal Electronsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

et al. 2015

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“…L'étude du rayonnement X dur obtenu lors d'une interaction laser-plasma a fait l'objet de nombreuses études dans plusieurs laboratoires. Les premières expériences ont été réalisées avec de très grosses installations laser de puissance délivrant des impulsions laser relativement longues (nanoseconde) dans le domaine de l'infra-rouge [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Le développement de ces sources X pour l'imagerie médicale a été proposé très tôt [10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Imagerie médicale avec des sources X créées par laser

et al. 2003

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“…The ramifications of this resonance condition can be seen by plotting the dynamical form factor in Eq. (38) for different values of ZTe/T i and or. Figure 4 shows ion-acoustic spectra for an aluminum plasma (mi = 27mproton) with ZTe/T i=4 and varying values for or, and as predicted by Eq.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…An additional feature is predicted by the dynamical form factor in Eq. (38). The peak heights become asymmetric when the thermal electrons drift relative to the thermal…”

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The use of ultraviolet Thomson scattering as a versatile diagnostic for detailed measurements of a collisional laser produced plasma

Tracy¹

1993

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This document was prepared a_san account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor the University of California nor any of their employees, makes any warrant',, exprt._;s or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness. or usefulness of any information, appar:_tus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product._;, proem',;.',;, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not nece_arily constitute or imply it._endorsement. recommendation, or favoring by the United StatesGovernment or the University of California. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or the University of California, and shall not be used fur advertising or product endorsement purpose.,;. This report has been reproduced directly frum the bc_t available copy.

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X-Ray Emission Spectra from High-Power-Laser-Produced Plasmas

Cited by 73 publications

References 16 publications

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Direct-drive inertial confinement fusion: A review

Imagerie médicale avec des sources X créées par laser

The use of ultraviolet Thomson scattering as a versatile diagnostic for detailed measurements of a collisional laser produced plasma

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