X-ray diffraction studies on the transformation of kaolinite into metakaolin. II. Study of layer shift

Mitra, G. B.; Bhattacherjee, S.

doi:10.1107/s0567740870005484

Cited by 37 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…To study the microstructural parameters, the XRD intensities were corrected for background, geometrical and Lorentz polarization factors 19,20,26 . The value of g and γ for all the samples were calculated by adopting a single line technique and applying equations (eq.1-4) followed by Mitra …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the parameters, which can characterize these variations, may be important for better understanding of the different properties of pure and organomodified clay minerals. So this type of characterization of clays and organomodified clays has drawn the attention of many researchers 9,[16][17][18][19][20] . Polymer clay nanocomposites have been produced with an extensive array of synthetic polymers having potential applications, such as biopolymers incorporated clays found applications in drug delivery, biomedical engineering and pharmaceuticals 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations on Microstructural and Layer Disorder Parameters of Na-Montmorillonite-Glycine Intercalation Compounds

Khan

Bała²,

Rahman

et al. 2012

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci.

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Glycine-Montmorillonite (Gly-MMT) composite has been synthesized through intercalation process using Na-Montmorillonite (Na-MMT) and glycine ethylester hydrochloride. Gly-MMT was employed for the synthesis of dipeptide (Gly-Gly-MMT). Microstructural parameters such as crystallite size, r.m.s. strain ( 1/2 ) and layer disorder parameters such as variation of interlayer spacing (g) and proportion of planes affected by such defects (γ) of the samples have been calculated by X-ray line profile analysis. In comparison to Na-MMT the basal spacings (d001) of Gly-MMT and Gly-Gly-MMT were reduced by 2.4Å and 1.8Å respectively. The value of d001 of Gly-Gly-MMT (13.3 Å) suggests the monolayer orientation of dipeptide into interlayer spaces. It is also suggested that more homogeneity in the stacking of silicate layers is attained in Gly-Gly-MMT due to the increased chain length of the dipeptide and orientation in monolayer style.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations on Microstructural and Layer Disorder Parameters of Na-Montmorillonite-Glycine Intercalation Compounds

Khan

Bała²,

Rahman

et al. 2012

Dhaka Univ. J. Sci.

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“…These differences are the direct result of the presence of layer stacking faults. Several attempts have been made to understand the nature of the stacking faults in kaolinite (Brindley and Robinson, 1946;Mitra and Bhattacherjee, 1970;Murray, 1954;Planqon andTchoubar, 1977a, 1977b;Tchoubar et al, 1982). These workers based their concepts on an idealization of the kaolinite structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stacking Faults in Kaolin-Group Minerals in the Light of Real Structural Features

Bookin

Drits

Plançon

et al. 1989

Clays and clay miner.

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Ahstraet--A comparison of the structural characteristics of the kaolin-group minerals, mainly kaolinite and dickite, shows that they differ in both the two-dimensional periodicity in the l:l layers and the rotation angles of the polyhedra. Distortions in a real 1:1 layer, compared with an idealized layer, do not allow such stacking faults as +_ 120 ~ laye:-rotations and vacancy displacements, because the second layer is incommensurable with the first. The 1:1 layer structure and the fact that the unit cell is symmetrical with respect to the plane passing through the long diagonal of the unit cell suggest the possibility of defects resulting from the two stacking sequences for the same layers. For a regular alternation of translations, a halloysite-like structure should be the end-member of such a series of defect kaolinite types.The formation of layers having vacant octahedral C-sites is another possible type of fault. Because of the minor difference between ~ and 90 ~ dickite-like layers should exist. A regular alternation of B and C layers yields dickite as the end-member structure. In materials containing few defects, stacking faults of both types lead to similar X-ray powder diffraction patterns. Thus, the nature of the stacking faults is difficult to determine experimentally. In materials containing many defects, however, the two models lead to different calculated diffraction patterns. Therefore, only a study of defect-rich types of kaolinite can determine which types of defects exist in natural kaolinite samples.

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“…Several quantitative studsamples from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data ies have since appeared, notably by Mitra (1963), Mitra and Bhattacherjee (1969aand Bhattacherjee ( , 1969band Bhattacherjee ( , 1970 and Noble (1971). One of the most recent examinations of this problem (Plan~on and Tchoubar, 1977) suggested the existence of several types of layers in disorderd kaolinite samples and, thus, the existence in these samples of dickite sequences.…”

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Stacking Faults in the Kaolin-Group Minerals: Defect Structures of Kaolinite

Plançon

Giese

Snyder

et al. 1989

Clays and clay miner.

115

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Abstract-Previous studies of the defect structure of kaolinite have examined samples having a restricted level of defects. This study examined nine kaolinite samples having a large diversity of defect contents, as indicated by Hincldey indexes ranging from 1.44 to 0.18. The samples were chosen so as to cover this range in as regular a manner as possible. The types and abundances of the defects were determined by examining the X-ray powder diffraction profiles for the 02,11 and 20,13 bands. The diffraction intensities were measured by counting for a fixed time in steps of 0.01"20. Analysis of these diffraction profiles indicatedthat (1) the major defect is the existence of a translation between adjacent layers, which is not the usual tl (approximately a/3), but is related to that translation by the pseudo-mirror plane coincident with the long diagonal of the unit cell; (2) the existence of a few C layers among the B layer stacking is a minor defect; (3) many of the samples could be accurately modeled only by assuming the existence of two kaolinite phases; (4) the existence of only a few C layers in some samples does not support the idea of a continuous series from kaolinite to dickite through disordered intermediates; and (5) the Hinckley indexes of several samples depend on the relative proportions of the two types of kaolinite in the mixture.The nine kaolinite samples fall into three groups: those having a low to moderate abundance of defects (Hinckley index > 0.43) are mixtures of two types of kaolinite (one almost free of defects, the other richer in defects); those having low Hinckley indexes (0.43 to 0.18) are single phases with different proportions of defects; and those which contain a single type of kaolinite, unlike the others in the nature of the interlayer translations and the greater abundance of C layers. The agreement between calculated and observed X-ray diffraction profiles is excellent for all specimens, except one sample (from Charentes) for which the fit is acceptable but not perfect.

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X-ray diffraction studies on the transformation of kaolinite into metakaolin. II. Study of layer shift

Cited by 37 publications

References 2 publications

Investigations on Microstructural and Layer Disorder Parameters of Na-Montmorillonite-Glycine Intercalation Compounds

Investigations on Microstructural and Layer Disorder Parameters of Na-Montmorillonite-Glycine Intercalation Compounds

Stacking Faults in Kaolin-Group Minerals in the Light of Real Structural Features

Stacking Faults in the Kaolin-Group Minerals: Defect Structures of Kaolinite

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