X-ray diffraction studies of electrochemical graphite intercalation compounds of ionic liquids

Sutto, Thomas E.; Duncan, Teresa T.; Wong, Tuck Seng

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.05.026

Cited by 52 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Recently, much attention has been focused on ionic liquids which allow reliable operation in highly oxidizing circumstance [1,2,5,[8][9][10][12][13][14][15][16]. However, the drawbacks such as relatively poor compatibility with graphitic electrodes and high viscosity at room temperature may become problems in practical applications [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Gao

Tian

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Gao

Tian

et al. 2015

Electrochimica Acta

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“…[28][29][30][31][32][33] Much interest has been directed, particularly in view of large scale production, to the oxidation of graphite [34][35][36][37][38] to graphite oxide (GO) [39][40][41][42][43][44] followed by thermal or chemical reduction. [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] The oxidation-reduction method is however characterized by several drawbacks. The precise structure of GO is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased Janus molecule for the facile preparation of water solutions of few layer graphene sheets

et al. 2015

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A biobased Janus molecule was used to prepare water solutions of nano-stacks made by few layer graphene.The Janus molecule was 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-1,3-propanediol (serinol pyrrole, SP), a serinol derivative obtained through the neat reaction of 2-amino-1,3-propandiol with 2,5-hexanedione, with atom efficiency of about 85%. SP contains the pyrrole ring, suitable for the interaction with carbon allotropes and hydroxy groups, that can easily interact with polar surroundings. Adducts, with about 14% by mass of SP, were prepared by reacting SP with a high surface area nano-sized graphite (HSAG), with about 35 graphene layers stacked in crystalline domains. Green methods were adopted, such as ball milling (HSAG-SP-M) and heating. Infrared spectra revealed peaks due to both HSAG and SP and additional peaks that could be attributed to the adduct. Both thermal and mechanical reactions left substantially unaltered the order in the graphitic layers and the interlayer distance, as shown by X-ray diffraction patterns. The relative intensity of the G and D band in the Raman spectrum was not modified by the thermal reaction, whereas enhancement of the D peak was observed after ball milling. Stable water solutions of HSAG-SP-M were prepared in a concentration range from 0.1 to 1 mg mL À1 . Centrifugation allowed isolation of adducts with few stacked graphene layers, as revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. An image of the adduct showed an organic layer tightly adhered to the carbon surface. SP appears a suitable molecule for the easy functionalization of carbon allotropes, such as nanostacks of graphene layers, without substantially affecting the bulk crystalline organization and promoting the separation of the aggregates into stacks containing a low/very low number of graphene layers.

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“…5a) show that no distinguishable peaks are observed for pure DMCbased electrolyte but some undesirable electrochemical process takes place in case of DMC/TMPA-TFSI electrolyte starting from 0.7 V vs. Li/Li + . Taking into account the general electrochemical stability of TMPA-TFSI, this may be explained by irreversible co-intercalation of TMPA-cations into the graphite which results in high irreversible capacity [13][14][15][16]. At the same time, well-defined single peak is observed for IL-containing electrolytes in presence of FEC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Nevertheless, despite the growing interest to ILs for Li batteries applications [8][9][10], some factors still limit their utilization. Since different constituent cations of ILs may both decompose at low potentials [11,12] or intercalate into graphite anode electrode [13][14][15][16], a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) should be formed prior to these interfering processes may occur and the use of an appropriate additives remains actual [13,[16][17][18][19][20]. At the same time, even in case of electrochemically stable ILs, viscosity of ILs is incomparably higher (2-3 orders of magnitude) than for standard carbonate solvents and this affects strongly the power properties of the cells [9,10,21,22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary Ammonium-Based Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Components of Carbonate Electrolytes for Li-ion Batteries: Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Properties

Chernyshov¹,

Shin²

2014

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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Electrochemical performance of Li-ion cells with LiMn 2 O 4 cathodes and graphite anodes with carbonates electrolytes containing quaternary ammonium-based room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated. Eight different ILs based on tetraalkylammonium, pyrrolidinium or piperidinium cations paired with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anions are examined in combination with dimethyl carbonate as a main solvent and fluoroethylene carbonate as a solid electrolyte interface forming agent. It is shown that cycling properties of the cells are strongly affected by the content of ILs in the electrolyte mixtures and its increase corresponds to lower discharge capacity retention. Since viscosity and conductivity of ILs are of a great importance for the electrolytes formulation, some kind of combined parameter should be used for the assessment of IL applicability and calculated values of Walden products for neat ILs represent one of the possible options. Besides, positive effect of ILs on reduction of flammability and enhancement of thermal stability of electrolytes in contact with charged electrodes have been demonstrated by means of self-extinguishing time test and differential scanning calorimetry respectively.

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X-ray diffraction studies of electrochemical graphite intercalation compounds of ionic liquids

Cited by 52 publications

References 11 publications

Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Intercalation manners of perchlorate anion into graphite electrode from organic solutions

Biobased Janus molecule for the facile preparation of water solutions of few layer graphene sheets

Quaternary Ammonium-Based Room Temperature Ionic Liquids as Components of Carbonate Electrolytes for Li-ion Batteries: Electrochemical Performance and Thermal Properties

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