X-ray diffraction camera

Morin, H.

doi:10.1088/0950-7671/35/11/423

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“…8 It must be also considered that different economic assessments performed in the framework of the GRACE project for a 200 MWth chemical-looping combustion boiler for use at BP´s Grangemouth refinery, and by the CO 2 Capture Project (CCP) indicated CLC among the best options for reducing the cost of CO 2 capture using fuel gas. [9][10] CLC is a two-step gas combustion process that produces a pure CO 2 stream, ready for compression and sequestration. A solid oxygen carrier circulates between two fluidized bed reactors and transports oxygen from the combustion air to the fuel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Pressure on the Behavior of Copper-, Iron-, and Nickel-Based Oxygen Carriers for Chemical-Looping Combustion

et al. 2005

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The combustion process integrated by coal gasification and chemical-looping combustion (CLC) could be used in power plants with low energy penalty for CO 2 capture. This work analyses the main characteristics related with the CLC process necessary to use the syngas obtained in an integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plant. The kinetics of reduction with H 2 and CO, and oxidation with O 2 of three high reactivity oxygen carriers used in the CLC system have been determined in a thermogravimetric analyzer at atmospheric pressure. The iron-and nickel-based oxygen carriers were prepared by freeze-granulation, and the copper-based oxygen carrier was prepared by impregnation. The changing grain size model (CGSM) was used for the kinetic determination, assuming spherical grains for the freeze-granulated particles based on iron and nickel, and plate-like geometry for the reacting surface of the copper-based impregnated particles. The dependence of the reaction rates 2 with temperature was low, with the activation energies values varying from 14 to 33 kJ mol-1 for the reduction, and from 7 to 15 kJ mol-1 for the oxidation. The reaction order depended on the reacting gas and oxygen carrier, with values ranging from 0.25 to 1. However, an increase in the operating pressure for the IGCC+CLC system increases the thermal efficiency of the process and the CO 2 is recovered as a high pressure gas, decreasing the energy demand for further compression. The effect of pressure on the behavior of the oxygen carriers has been analyzed in a pressurized thermogravimetric analyzer at 1073 K and pressures up to 30 atm. It has been found that an increase in total pressure has a negative effect on the reaction rates of all the oxygen carriers. Moreover, the use of the CGSM with the kinetic parameters obtained at atmospheric pressure predicted higher reaction rates than the experimentally obtained at higher pressures and therefore the kinetic parameters necessary to design pressurized CLC plants must be determined at the operating pressure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%