DOI: 10.31274/rtd-180816-2894
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X-ray diffraction and adsorption isotherm studies of the calcium montmorillonite-H2O system

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“…A further argument in favor of the concept of time-dependent bonds in the adsorbed water, is the energy of adsorption of water to mineral surfaces. Senich et al (1967) showed that expansion energies exerted by a calcium montmorillonite-water system are 2 2 of the order of 440 kg/cm at zero separation and 40 kg/cm at a separation due to Lour layers of water. Since even the latter value is relatively high compared to most natural or applied pressures on soils, it is doubtful that any direct mineral-to-mineraL contact really exists in clay soils at any but the lowest moisture contents.…”
Section: Physico-chemical Conceptsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A further argument in favor of the concept of time-dependent bonds in the adsorbed water, is the energy of adsorption of water to mineral surfaces. Senich et al (1967) showed that expansion energies exerted by a calcium montmorillonite-water system are 2 2 of the order of 440 kg/cm at zero separation and 40 kg/cm at a separation due to Lour layers of water. Since even the latter value is relatively high compared to most natural or applied pressures on soils, it is doubtful that any direct mineral-to-mineraL contact really exists in clay soils at any but the lowest moisture contents.…”
Section: Physico-chemical Conceptsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is the configuration that fits with the net expansion of the clay measured with the current analytical method. Therefore, since the thickness of the intercalated water molecules is known, as well as the thickness for the single montmorillonite plates [23,[74][75][76], from the net expansion calculated it is possible to estimate the thickness of one monolayer of side chains intercalated, resulting in 2,3-2,4 Å [67].…”
Section: ____________________________________________________________...mentioning
confidence: 99%