X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Identification of Kaolin NF and Bentonite USP

Sadik, Farid; Fincher, Julian H.; Hartman, C.W.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600600624

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used for tracking changes in the layer spacing of clay minerals [34]. The structural changes that occurred in the clay material due to the acid treatment were studied using the X-ray diffraction technique.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Sample X-ray Diffraction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies

Pawar

Lalhmunsiama

Bajaj

et al. 2016

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

199

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© 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the Elsevier user license In this study, the effects of acid activation with high bentonite contents under mild synthetic conditions on textural and structural properties were explored. The alteration features after activation were fully characterized with the help of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size and volume analyses. The active sites were examined using volumetric titration and confirmed with a pyridine adsorbed FT-IR study. The activated bentonite (ABn) was further utilized for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Batch reactor studies showed that the removal of these toxic metal ions was favored by increases in the pH, initial metal concentrations, contact time, and dose of the adsorbents. The equilibrium data obtained at various initial concentrations reasonably fit well with the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. The adsorption process was fast and the kinetic data fit better to the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The presence of other heavy metal ions, such as Cd(II), Fe(II), and Mn(II), did not significantly suppress the removal of both the Cu(II) and Pb(II); whereas the other cations, such as Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ , caused a notable decrease in the Pb(II) removal. In addition, the breakthrough data obtained in the column studies fit well with the non-linear Thomas equation, and high loading capacities of Cu(II) and Pb(II) were obtained. Therefore, we demonstrated in this study that the low cost 'ABn' solid can be employed as a potential adsorbent for the effective treatment of aqueous waste contaminated with Cu(II) and Pb(II).

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Section: Characterization Of the Sample X-ray Diffraction Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies

Pawar

Lalhmunsiama

Bajaj

et al. 2016

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry

199

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show abstract

“…This formation's slight peak and low intensity warned that the ammonium has low detection signal on XRD analysis. The strong intensities peak at 21° and 35° indicates the high crystallinity of montmorillonite, which supports the high capacity of adsorption [26]. After ammonium impregnation (detected at 27°), the quartz mineral reformation triggers collapse in smectite and Ti + reduction as impurities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 57%

Bentonite Impregnation Ammonium-Assisted as Eco-Friendly Dye Adsorbent: Analyses of Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Cationic Dye Adsorption

Hakim,

Royani,

Mardiyanto

et al. 2023

KEM

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The original Java bentonite has been improved by a new method of multi-step impregnation using over-concentrated ammonium under nature temperature. The achieved materials were characterized using SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR, and BET analysis and then applied in cationic dye adsorption. The specific case in peak XRD analysis of ammonium impregnation was detected at 18°, and the spectra at 532.3 and 470.6 cm-1 of the FTIR analysis were detected as the ammonium vibration and oscillation bending. Surface structure analysis from SEM-EDX showed the smooth and expanded material achieved, supported by surface area analysis of BET, which described the increase of surface area materials from 61.791, 73.089, and 178.710 m2/g for the bent, bent-Na, and bent-NH, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity on bentonite impregnated by ammonium was achieved at 526.316 mg/g and 128.205 mg/g for rhodamine B and malachite green, respectively. The adsorption mechanism was feasible in endothermic and fitted to pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The new method of ammonium impregnation on bentonite successfully improved the adsorption ability.

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“…1 shows the XRD patterns of the diatomite samples at various calcination temperatures. The results showed that the diatomite was a predominantly amorphous SiO2 which was consistent with a phase of non-crystalline opal-A [10][11]. The diffraction peaks at 20.95° (100), 26.75° (101), 60.25° (211) and 68.66° (301) were assigned to quartz phases of SiO2, corresponding to JCPDS no.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Diatomite from Lampang Province, Thailand as a Solid Catalyst

Kingkam¹,

Nuchdang²,

Laowattanabandit

et al. 2020

KEM

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This paper presents the studies on physical and chemical properties of the natural diatomite originating from Mae Tha District, Lampang the northern of Thailand as solid catalyst. The diatomite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The effect of calcination temperature on chemical composition, cyrytalline phase and textural properties of diatomite was also investigated. The XRF results indicated that the diatomite was composed mostly of SiO2, K2O, CaO and MgO. The calcination temperature ranging from 300 to 900 °C had no effect on the crystalline phase of diatiomite. The high surface area and large pore size diameter of diatomite was observed when the calcination temperature was below 900 °C. All the physicochemical results show the existence of SiO2, K2O, CaO and MgO, the high surface area and pore size diameter, indicate that the diatomite could potentially be used to a solid catalyst for biodiesel production.

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X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for Identification of Kaolin NF and Bentonite USP

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies

Activated bentonite as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions: Batch and column studies

Bentonite Impregnation Ammonium-Assisted as Eco-Friendly Dye Adsorbent: Analyses of Kinetics and Thermodynamics in Cationic Dye Adsorption

Physicochemical Characterization of Natural Diatomite from Lampang Province, Thailand as a Solid Catalyst

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