X-ray diffraction analysis by Williamson-Hall, Halder-Wagner and size-strain plot methods of CdSe nanoparticles- a comparative study

Nath, Debojyoti; Singh, Fouran; Das, Ratan

doi:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2019.122021

Cited by 700 publications

(293 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Furthermore, in some studies, the E value is considered as a value tabulated for material, but this value is not real. For illustration, based on studies of Ref [ 43 ], the value of E for cadmium selenide (CdSe) is calculated as an average value and E is reported as ~79.233 GPa, so this average value is very far from the standard E value of CdSe that is reported in Ref [ 44 , 45 ]. The E value for zinc oxide (ZnO) through the USDM model is reported as~130 GPa and this value is different from other studies of E ZnO related to this material such as Ref [ 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Modulus of Elasticity Related to the Atomic Density of Planes in Unit Cell of Crystal Lattices

et al. 2020

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Young’s modulus (E) is one of the most important parameters in the mechanical properties of solid materials. Young’s modulus is proportional to the stress and strain values. There are several experimental and theoretical methods for gaining Young’s modulus values, such as stress–strain curves in compression and tensile tests, electromagnetic-acoustic resonance, ultrasonic pulse echo and density functional theory (DFT) in different basis sets. Apparently, preparing specimens for measuring Young’s modulus through the experimental methods is not convenient and it is time-consuming. In addition, for calculating Young’s modulus values by software, presumptions of data and structures are needed. Therefore, this new method for gaining the Young’s modulus values of crystalline materials is presented. Herein, the new method for calculating Young’s modulus of crystalline materials is extracted by X-ray diffraction. In this study, Young’s modulus values were gained through the arbitrary planes such as random (hkl) in the research. In this study, calculation of Young’s modulus through the relationship between elastic compliances, geometry of the crystal lattice and the planar density of each plane is obtained by X-ray diffraction. Sodium chloride (NaCl) with crystal lattices of FCC was selected as the example. The X-ray diffraction, elastic stiffness constant and elastic compliances values have been chosen by the X’Pert software, literature and experimental measurements, respectively. The elastic stiffness constant and Young’s modulus of NaCl were measured by the ultrasonic technique and, finally, the results were in good agreement with the new method of this study. The aim of the modified Williamson–Hall (W–H) method in the uniform stress deformation model (USDM) utilized in this paper is to provide a new approach of using the W–H equation, so that a least squares technique can be applied to minimize the sources of errors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement Modulus of Elasticity Related to the Atomic Density of Planes in Unit Cell of Crystal Lattices

et al. 2020

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“…From the W-H-UDM method, the average crystallite size and the intrinsic strain are calculated to be around 26 nm and 0.121×10 -3 respectively. Also, from the figure 3(b), it has been noticed that the slope of the W-H-UDM plot is positive which represents the lattice expansion [51]. Figure 3(c) displays HRTEM image of NiS NPs which shows a quasi-spherical shape with very small aggregations [28].…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 91%

“…On rearranging equation (6), we have, (7) is an equation of straight line and is called UDM equation and this is considerable for isotropic nature of crystals [50,51]. A plot is drawn by taking q 4 sin values along X-axis and b q .…”

Section: Xrd Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced dielectric properties of green synthesized Nickel Sulphide (NiS) nanoparticles integrated polyvinylalcohol nanocomposites*

Reddy

Deshmukh

Kovařík

et al. 2020

Mater. Res. Express

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A green synthesis approach has been adopted to prepare nickel sulphide nanoparticles (NiS NPs) using banana peel extract (BPE) as a reducing and capping agent. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/NiS nanocomposite films were fabricated using a cost-effective solution casting technique by dispersing different contents of NiS NPs (0-3 wt%) in the PVA matrix. Various characterization techniques were employed to analyze the structural, thermal and morphological properties of the PVA/NiS nanocomposite films. Further, the dielectric behaviour of these nanocomposite films was investigated at frequency range 50 Hz-20 MHz and in the temperature range 40°C-140°C. Also, there exists a significant interaction between the polymer matrix and the nanofiller as evident from the notable improvement in the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites. The dielectric constant (ε) value of PVA/NiS nanocomposite film with 3 wt % NiS NPs loading was found to be 154.55 at 50 Hz and at 140°C which is 22 times greater than the dielectric constant value of neat PVA (6.90). These results suggest that NiS NPs were dispersed homogeneously in the PVA matrix.Among various polymers used for the fabrication of PNCs, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is most often preferred as a host matrix owing to its excellent film-forming ability, higher dielectric strength, the capability to form strong hydrogen bonding, easy processability, excellent chemical stability, and highly durable nature [17]. PVA has been employed for various applications such as in battery components, packaging, textile applications in the microelectronic industry, electromagnetic interference applications and so on [17,18]. Several research groups reported the dielectric properties of the PVA based nanocomposites [19][20][21]. With this inspiration, in the present study PVA has been chosen as a host polymer to synthesize PVA based nanocomposites. Now a day, more attention has been focussed on metal sulphide nanostructures because of their unique properties and applications [22]. Among these, nickel sulphide (NiS) has been mostly investigated because of its simple production, affordable price and high electronic conductivity [23,24]. It exhibits complicated electrical, optical, structural, compositional and magnetic phase behaviour [25]. Also due to the possession of multi-phases, binary Ni-S systems such as NiS 2 , Ni 3 S 4 , Ni 9 S 8 , Ni 7 S 6 , Ni 6 S 5 , Ni 4 S 3+x , Ni 3 S 2 , and Ni 3+x S 2 have become fascinated materials [26]. NiS NPs exhibit different shapes such as layer-rolled structures, urchin-like nanocrystallites, flower-like architectures, hollow spheres, nanoframes, nanorods, and nanospheres etc [27,28].Recently, increased attention has been given to the green approach for the synthesis of NPs because of its several advantages [29][30][31][32]. For the synthesis of NPs, the plant extracts which serve as reducing/capping agents are considered to be more beneficial than remaining techniques [33]. Several researchers reported the synthesis of metal sulphide NPs through a green synthesis a...

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“…where K = 0.9 is the shape factor, D is the average crystallite size, λ is the wavelength of the incident X-ray beam (0.15406 nm), β is the full width and half maxima value, and θ is the diffraction angle. Further the effective strain in the films was calculated using Williamson-Hall (W-H) equation [30]:…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There were not many differences observed in XRD patterns and Raman spectra for the Zn-doped samples (S1 to S6); therefore, for further investigations, samples P, S3, and S6 are only considered. Further the effective strain in the films was calculated using Williamson-Hall (W-H) equation [30]:…”

Section: Structural and Morphological Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Zn Doping in CuO Octahedral Crystals towards Structural, Optical, and Gas Sensing Properties

Goyal

Rajan

et al. 2020

Crystals

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Monodispersed CuO octahedral crystals were successfully synthesized using a low-temperature co-precipitation method. Zinc doping in CuO created surface defects that enhanced oxygen adsorption on the surface crucial for gas sensing applications. Pure and Zn-doped CuO sensor films were realized using the doctor blade method. The sensor films showed selective response towards a low concentration of NO2 at a lower operating temperature of 150 °C. Doping with Zn causes the resistance of the sensor film to decrease due to the enhancement of charge carriers with an analogous improvement in the sensor response. The observed decrease in sensor resistance agreed well with the findings of the work function studies. Zinc doping resulted in an increase in work function by 180 meV which, after NO2 exposure, was found to increase by a further 130 meV, attributed to the oxidizing behavior of the test gas.

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X-ray diffraction analysis by Williamson-Hall, Halder-Wagner and size-strain plot methods of CdSe nanoparticles- a comparative study

Cited by 700 publications

References 34 publications

Measurement Modulus of Elasticity Related to the Atomic Density of Planes in Unit Cell of Crystal Lattices

Measurement Modulus of Elasticity Related to the Atomic Density of Planes in Unit Cell of Crystal Lattices

Enhanced dielectric properties of green synthesized Nickel Sulphide (NiS) nanoparticles integrated polyvinylalcohol nanocomposites*

Effect of Zn Doping in CuO Octahedral Crystals towards Structural, Optical, and Gas Sensing Properties

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