X-ray computed tomography of wood-adhesive bondlines: attenuation and phase-contrast effects

Paris, Jesse L.; Kamke, Frederick A.; Xiao, Xianghui

doi:10.1007/s00226-015-0750-8

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(86 reference statements)

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“…appeared as compared to the control cell wall, which can be attributed to the penetration of PF resin into the cell wall [33,34]. Moreover, a relatively broader band between 1150 cm -1 and 1100 cm -1 appeared in the spectra of modified wood, corresponding to the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C aliphatic ether, which is in agreement with the literature that the chemical reactions of the -OH groups of wood and PF resin occurred at the cell wall level [35,36].…”

Section: Local Chemical Analysis By Ramansupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The intensity of the C=C stretching and C-O stretching at 1656 cm −1 , 1376 cm −1 , and 1336 cm −1 decreased significantly, while some new bands at 1287 cm −1 and 778 cm −1 appeared as compared to the control cell wall, which can be attributed to the penetration of PF resin into the cell wall [33,34]. Moreover, a relatively broader band between 1150 cm −1 and 1100 cm −1 appeared in the spectra of modified wood, corresponding to the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C aliphatic ether, which is in agreement with the literature that the chemical reactions of the -OH groups of wood and PF resin occurred at the cell wall level [35,36]. appeared as compared to the control cell wall, which can be attributed to the penetration of PF resin into the cell wall [33,34].…”

Section: Local Chemical Analysis By Ramansupporting

confidence: 87%

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Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Wang

Chen

Xie³

et al. 2019

Forests

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The local chemistry and mechanics of the control and phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin modified wood cell walls were analyzed to illustrate the modification mechanism of wood. Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) is most widely distributed in the subtropical regions of China. However, the dimensional instability and low strength of the wood limits its use. Thus, the wood was modified by PF resin at concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. The density, surface morphology, chemical structure, cell wall mechanics, shrinking and swelling properties, and macro-mechanical properties of Masson pine wood were analyzed to evaluate the modification effectiveness. The morphology and Raman spectra changes indicated that PF resin not only filled in the cell lumens, but also penetrated into cell walls and interacted with cell wall polymers. The filling and diffusing of resin in wood resulted in improved dimensional stability, such as lower swelling and shrinking coefficients, an increase in the elastic modulus (Er) and hardness (H) of wood cell walls, the hardness of the transverse section and compressive strength of the wood. Both the dimensional stability and mechanical properties improved as the PF concentration increased to 20%; that is, a PF concentration of 20% may be preferred to modify Masson pine wood.

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Section: Local Chemical Analysis By Ramansupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Local Chemical Analysis By Ramansupporting

confidence: 87%

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Wang

Chen

Xie³

et al. 2019

Forests

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As shown in Figure 7, the increased intensity at 1609, 1464, and 1269 cm −1 , which can be attributed to the penetration of PF resin. Moreover, a relatively broader band between 1150 and 1000 cm −1 appeared in the spectra of modified wood, corresponding to the asymmetric stretching vibration of C-O-C aliphatic ether, which confirmed the chemical reactions of the -OH groups of wood and PF adhesive [16,38]. The O–H stretching of hydroxyls around 3414 cm −1 of the wood modified by 20% PF resin becomes a little narrower compared to the control, which may be attributed to the interactions between PF resin and wood [39].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Penetration on the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Mechanics of Wood Cell Walls Using Nanoindentation

Wang

Chen

Xie³

et al. 2019

Nanomaterials

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To evaluate the effects of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin modification on wood cell walls, Masson pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) wood was impregnated with PF resin at the concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. The penetration degree of PF resin into wood tracheids was quantitatively determined using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The micromechanical properties of the control and PF-modified wood cell walls were then analyzed by the method of quasi-static nanoindentation and dynamic modulus mapping techniques. Results indicated that PF resin with low molecular weight can penetrate deeply into the wood tissues and even into the cell walls. However, the penetration degree decreased accompanying with the increase of penetration depth in wood. Both the quasi-static and dynamic mechanics of wood cell walls increased significantly after modification by the PF resin at the concentration less than 20%. The cell-wall mechanics maintained stable and even decreased as the resin concentration was increased above 20%, resulting from the increasing bulking effects such as the decreased crystallinity degree of cellulose. Furthermore, the mechanics of cell walls in the inner layer was lower than that in the outer layer of PF-modified wood.

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“…with use of pegs. Reinforcement of bonds with use of adhesive makes construction more durable and resistant to mechanical damage [15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Selected Structural, Material and Exploitation Factors on Adhesive Joints Strength

2019

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Adhesive bonding is currently one of the most popular techniques of joining different materials. It is worth noting that this process is more and more often used in several industries: automotive, transport, mechanical engineering, medicine, electronics, light industry, as well as many others. The present article is aimed at determining an impact of selected structural, material and exploitation factors on adhesive bonds' strength. Strength tests were carried out on adhesive connections of pine wood. An exploitation factor under analysis was resistance to different temperature values - both positive and negative. Six different variants of a bonds' seasoning temperature value were used. Another variable factor was a structure of bonds, i.e. adhesive butt joints and adhesive half lap joints. Also, two types of adhesives were used: one of them was dedicated to wooden elements bonding, whereas the second one was a two-component adhesive composition based on epoxide resin. Strength tests described in the present article showed substantial impact of selected structural, material and exploitation factors on the adhesive bonds' strength.

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X-ray computed tomography of wood-adhesive bondlines: attenuation and phase-contrast effects

Cited by 28 publications

References 44 publications

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Multi-Scale Evaluation of the Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Impregnation on the Dimensional Stability and Mechanical Properties of Pinus Massoniana Lamb.

Effect of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Penetration on the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Mechanics of Wood Cell Walls Using Nanoindentation

Impact of Selected Structural, Material and Exploitation Factors on Adhesive Joints Strength

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