X-Band Two-Scale Sea Surface Scattering Model to Predict the Contrast due to an Oil slick

Montuori, Antonio; Nunziata, Ferdinando; Migliaccio, Maurizio; Sobieski, Piotr

doi:10.1109/jstars.2016.2605151

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Within this context, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a key tool for sea oil slick observation due to its almost all-weather and fine spatial resolution imaging capabilities [1]- [4]. SAR-based sea oil slick observation is grounded on the fact that the presence of an oil layer over the sea surface reduces the short Bragg resonant waves and, therefore, generates a low backscatter area which appears, in conventional gray-tones SAR imagery, as a homogeneous patch darker than the background sea [5], [6]. Nowadays, there is wide consensus on the extra-benefits provided by polarimetric SAR data for a wide range of marine and maritime applications, including coastline extraction [7], [8], metallic target detection [9], [10] and sea oil slick monitoring [11]- [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensitivity Analysis of the Standard Deviation of the Copolarized Phase Difference for Sea Oil Slick Observation

Buono

Nunziata

Macedo

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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In this study, a time series of 33 TerraSAR-X co-polarized Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery collected in Stripmap mode over the Gulf of Mexico in a wide range of incidence angles and sea state conditions, is exploited, together with a theoretical framework based on the X-Bragg scattering model, to analyze the effects of noise, angle of incidence (AOI) and wind speed on the standard deviation of the co-polarized phase difference (σ φc ) evaluated over sea surface with and without oil slicks. This large dataset represents an unprecedented opportunity to analyze, for the first time, the influence of both SAR acquisition and surface parameters on the broadening of the co-polarized phase difference probability density function (pdf), p φc (φc). Experimental results show that the X-Bragg scattering model, here adopted to predict the sea surface p φc (φc), gives an understanding of the increasing trend of σ φc with respect to AOI. It is shown that the noise significantly contributes to broaden p φc (φc) over both slick-free and slick-covered sea surface, while the effects of low-tomoderate wind regimes are negligible. In addition, σ φc exhibits a larger sensitivity to the scene variability, if compared to single-polarization intensity channels, over both slick-free and oil-covered sea surface. This sensitivity is more pronounced at lower AOIs due to the higher noise equivalent sigma zero (NESZ) that affects larger AOIs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Sensitivity Analysis of the Standard Deviation of the Copolarized Phase Difference for Sea Oil Slick Observation

Buono

Nunziata

Macedo

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing

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“…This phenomenon has been observed in field experiments: the friction velocity of the slick-covered surface is smaller than the slick-free surface. The friction velocity of a slick-covered surface u * c can be calculated empirically with [22]:…”

Section: The Damping Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of EM Backscattering from Slick-Free and Slick-Covered Sea Surfaces Using the SSA-2 and SAR Images

et al. 2018

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This paper is devoted to investigating the electromagnetic (EM) backscattering from slick-free and slick-covered sea surfaces at various bands (L-band, C-band, X-band, and Ku-band) by using the second-order small slope approximation (SSA-2) and the measured synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. It is known that the impact of slick on sea surface is mainly caused by two factors: the Marangoni damping effect and the reduction of friction velocity. In this work, the influences induced by these two factors on the sea curvature spectrum, the root mean square (RMS) height, the RMS slope, and the autocorrelation function of sea surfaces are studied in detail. Then, the slick-free and slick-covered sea surface profiles are simulated using the Elfouhaily spectrum and the Monte-Carlo model. The SSA-2 with the tapered incident wave is employed to simulate the normalized radar cross-sections (NRCSs) of sea surfaces. Furthermore, for slick-free sea surfaces, the NRCSs simulated with the SSA-2 at various bands are compared with those obtained by the first-order small slope approximation (SSA-1), the classic two-scale model (TSM), and the geophysical model functions (GMFs) at various bands, respectively. For slick-covered sea surfaces, the SSA-2-simulated NRCSs are compared with those obtained from C-band Radarsat-2 images and L-band uninhabited aerial vehicle synthetic aperture radar (UAVSAR) images, respectively. The numerical simulations illustrate that the SSA-2 can be used to study the EM backscattering from slick-free and slick-covered sea surfaces, and it has more advantages than the SSA-1 and the TSM. The works presented in this paper are helpful for understanding the EM scattering from the sea surface covered with slick, in theory. on detecting oil spills by using measured SAR images [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The second one focuses on analyzing electromagnetic (EM) field scattered from clean and polluted sea surfaces [12][13][14][15]. Unlike previous papers, the motivation of this work is to investigate the influences caused by slicks on sea surface characteristics and the EM scattering from slick-covered and slick-free sea surfaces, both theoretically as well as experimentally.The influences caused by slicks can mainly be described by two effects: the damping of small-scale sea waves, and the reduction of friction velocity. On one hand, due to the damping effects for short-gravity and capillary waves, the sea surface profile of the slick-covered sea surface is quite different from that of the slick-free surface. The damping effect is usually described by the Marangoni theory [16]. On the other hand, as a slick-covered surface is smoother, the friction velocity is reduced, and the energy transferred from the wind to sea waves is also reduced. These two effects will both directly influence the sea height spectrum.For the EM scattering from sea surface, the backscattered field depends on the sea roughness state. In the past decades, various approximate methods have been developed for the estimation of the EM scattering fie...

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“…[1][2][3]. In recent years, many researchers have paid their attention to the problem of electromagnetic scattering from oil-polluted sea surface [4][5][6][7][8] mainly caused by oil spill accident and biogenic slicks due to the study of the electromagnetic scattering from the oil-covered sea, which has significance in the field of oil spill surveillance and ocean remote sensing [9,10]. It is well known that two major methods, including asymptotic method [1] and numerical method, are commonly used for calculating the scattering features of sea surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Backscattering From Oil-Covered Sea Surface With Two-Scale Model

Yang¹,

Guo²

2019

PIER M

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The electromagnetic scattering from oil-covered sea surface is investigated by two scale model with the help of Lombardini's oil-covered sea spectrum and the semi-empirical reflection model that takes the oil film into consideration. Firstly, a comparison of the clean and oil-covered sea spectra is made to show the influence of the oil film on the sea surface. Then, the backscattering coefficient from the clean sea computed by the two scale model is compared with the measured data in the reference to validate the accuracy of the two scale model used in this paper. Finally, backscattering features from the oil-covered sea surface are discussed in detail and compared with those from the clean sea. In addition, the influence of the thickness of oil film and fractional filling factor on the backscattering coefficient of oil-covered sea are also studied. The simulated results show that the oil film floating on the sea has remarkable influence on the backscattering coefficient of the sea, compared with those of the backscattering coefficient from the clean sea.

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X-Band Two-Scale Sea Surface Scattering Model to Predict the Contrast due to an Oil slick

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

A Sensitivity Analysis of the Standard Deviation of the Copolarized Phase Difference for Sea Oil Slick Observation

A Sensitivity Analysis of the Standard Deviation of the Copolarized Phase Difference for Sea Oil Slick Observation

Investigation of EM Backscattering from Slick-Free and Slick-Covered Sea Surfaces Using the SSA-2 and SAR Images

Microwave Backscattering From Oil-Covered Sea Surface With Two-Scale Model

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