Wurm Glacier Formations and Mountain Landscapes in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria

Sinnyovsky, Dimitar

doi:10.5593/sgem2015/b11/s1.067

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The first recreational assessment of natural complexes in Bulgaria refers to Rila mountain (Petrov 1983). In a series of publications, Sinnyovsky (2014aSinnyovsky ( , 2014bSinnyovsky ( and 2015 and Tsvetkova (2019) study the northern part of Rila from the perspective of geoheritage and insist on the designation of this part of the mountain as a geopark in order to conduct geoconservation activities and to develop geotourism.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural heritage: Provision of cultural ecosystem services from the Malyovitsa Range of the Rila National Park

Silvestriev¹,

Borisova²,

Mitova³

2021

JBGS

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Nature-based tourism and recreation are attracting attention today as the most favourable form of direct connection between people and nature, and as a very successful tool to motivate people to protect their natural heritage. This study aims to develop and test a methodology to assess the potential of an acknowledged natural heritage site in Bulgaria - Malyovitsa Range and Urdini Cirque in ‘Rila’ National Park to provide cultural ecosystem services. A holistic approach is applied, using landscapes as the main territorial unit, and source of information. For the purpose of practicing representative types of mountain tourism: ‘mountain hiking’, ‘nature education’ tourism, ‘ski touring’ and ‘mountaineering’ a total of 15 ecosystem services were assessed based on 25 biophysical and social indicators. ‘Primary forest landscapes on moraine materials’ and ‘Primary landscapes with mugo pine on igneous rocks’ receive the highest score. Based on the results obtained, an assessment of the mainstream activity - access to mountain hiking provided by the landscapes was carried out and two touristic routes with very high potential to deliver this service were identified. The results of the study are directed towards the responsible parties in support of the natural heritage conservation in Rila National Park through sustainable management the potential to provide cultural (recreational) ecosystem services. The research was conducted within the scientific programme of the project “Conceptualization, Flexible Methodology, and a Pilot Geospatial Platform for Access of the Bulgarian Natural Heritage to the European Digital Single Market of Knowledge and Information Services” within the project BG05M2OP001-1.001-0001 Establishment and Development of “Heritage BG” Centre of Excellence (Operational Program “Science and Education for Intelligent Growth”, priority Axis 1 “Research and technological development”).

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Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural heritage: Provision of cultural ecosystem services from the Malyovitsa Range of the Rila National Park

Silvestriev¹,

Borisova²,

Mitova³

2021

JBGS

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“…Подходът, аргументиран и препоръчан от Khrischev ( 2005 (Sinnyovsky, 2014(Sinnyovsky, , 2015 и следван последователно в процеса на неговото разработване, включително и на новата геоложка карта на геопарка (Atanasova, 2019;Tsvetkova, 2019).…”

Section: схема от литодемични единици възприетA за целите на геопарк "рила"unclassified

“…разгледан и потенциалът на Рила като геопарк (Sinnyovsky, 2014c(Sinnyovsky, , 2015. След това бяха направени описания на първите площи, представляващи интерес като геотопи в рамките на алпийската част на планината -Седемте рилски езера на територията на Национален парк "Рила" (Tsvetkova, Sinnyovsky, 2015) и Рибните езера на територията на природен парк "Рилски манастир" (Atanasova, Sinnyovsky, 2017).…”

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Precambrian metamorphites as part of the petrographic diversity of Rila Geopark

Sinnyovsky

2021

Rev. Bulg. Geol. Soc.

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The petrographic diversity of Rila Mountain is an important prerequisite for the development of Rila Geopark and its nomination for UNESCO Geopark. According to the principle of the thematic geodiversity, the leading theme of the geopark – glacial landscapes, is complemented by the remarkable petrographic diversity of igneous and metamorphic rocks, in which alpine glacial forms are developed. Following a recent review of the intrusive rocks that make up the Rila-West Rhodope Batholith, the concept of Rila Geopark would not be complete without a retrospective of the metamorphic rocks that are an integral part of its petrographic diversity. The different approaches (lithodemic and lithotectonic) to the mapping of the Rila-Rhodope Massif divided the geologists into two camps. This led to a discrepancy in terminology and nomenclature of the metamorphic units, which is unacceptable in the context of the educational priority of the geopark. For the purpose of geotourism, clear and understandable interpretations are required to provoke the visitors’ interest in geological processes and phenomena, rather than confusion and perplexity. This article is a historical overview of the geological study of the metamorphic terrains in Rila Mountain with a scheme of lithodemic units based on the existing lithostratigraphic nomenclature. This approach allows the preservation of the names of the lithostratigraphic units, whose toponymic adjectives derive from well known geographical features in the Rila-Rhodope Massif. The rank term is replaced by a lithological or descriptive term, which frees the nomenclature from the dogmatic restrictions of the stratigraphic code and reduces the distance between the strictly scientific and popular science approach used for interpretation of geological information in a popular language accessible to the general public. This methodology is consistent with the approach recommended for mapping of non-stratified bodies on the Geological Map of the Republic of Bulgaria at a scale 1:50 000.

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“…The Last Glaciation in the Balkan Peninsula was characterised by the presence of ice fields and valley glaciers over some of the highest mountain massifs (e.g., Milivojević et al, 2008;Hughes et al, 2010Kuhlemann et al, 2009Kuhlemann et al, , 2013Žebre and Stepišnik, 2014;Sinnyovsky, 2015;Žebre et al, 2016). Late Pleistocene glaciers reached their maximum extents before the LGM in Pindus Mountains and this is recorded indirectly in the fluvial record downstream where glaciofluvial sediments have been dated at 25-30 ka (Lewin et al, 1991;Woodward et al 1995;Hughes et al 2006b).…”

Section: Last Glaciation and Deglaciationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major Bulgarian mountains are composed largely of Precambrian and Palaeozoic crystalline rocks (crystalline schist, gneiss, amphibolites, metamorphosed sedimentary rocks etc.) intruded by the Rila-West Rodophian batholith(Sinnyovsky, 2015), in some areas also by crystalline limestone and marble. In Greece the Pindus Mountains and Olympos Massif are dominated byMezozoic (Lower Jurassic -Upper Cretaceous) sedimentary rock, especially limestone, dolomite and breccia, with ophiolithic rocks also present in some areas, such as at Mount Smolikas and Mount Vasilitsa.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation

Oliva

Žebre

Guglielmin

et al. 2018

Earth-Science Reviews

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The relatively warm climate conditions prevailing today in the Mediterranean region limit cold geomorphological processes only to the highest mountain environments. However, climate variability during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene has led to significant spatio-temporal variations of the glacial and periglacial domain in these mountains, including permafrost conditions. Here, we examine the distribution and evolution of permafrost in the Mediterranean region considering five time periods: Last Glaciation, deglaciation, Holocene, Little Ice Age (LIA) and present-day. The distribution of inactive permafrost-derived features as well as sedimentary records indicates that the elevation limit of permafrost during the Last Glaciation was between 1000 m and even 2000 m lower than present. Permafrost was also widespread in non-glaciated slopes above the snowline forming rock glaciers and block streams, as well as meter-sized stone circles in relatively flat summit areas. As in most of the Northern Hemisphere, the onset of deglaciation in the Mediterranean region started around 19-20 ka. The ice-free terrain left by retreating glaciers was subject to paraglacial activity and intense periglacial processes under permafrost conditions. Many rock glaciers, protalus lobes and block streams formed in these recently deglaciated environments, though most of them became gradually inactive as temperatures kept rising, especially those at lower altitudes. Following the Younger Dryas glacial advance, the Early Holocene saw the last massive deglaciation in Mediterranean mountains accompanied by a progressive shift of permafrost conditions to higher elevations. It is unlikely that air temperatures recorded in Mediterranean mountains during the Holocene favoured the existence of widespread permafrost regimes, with the only exception of the highest massifs exceeding 2500-3000 m. LIA colder climate promoted a minor glacial advance and the spatial expansion of permafrost, with the development of new protalus lobes and rock glaciers in the highest massifs. Finally, post-LIA warming has led to glacial retreat/disappearance, enhanced paraglacial activity, shift of periglacial processes to higher elevations, degradation of alpine permafrost along with geoecological changes.

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Wurm Glacier Formations and Mountain Landscapes in Rila Mountain, Bulgaria

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Natural heritage: Provision of cultural ecosystem services from the Malyovitsa Range of the Rila National Park

Natural heritage: Provision of cultural ecosystem services from the Malyovitsa Range of the Rila National Park

Precambrian metamorphites as part of the petrographic diversity of Rila Geopark

Permafrost conditions in the Mediterranean region since the Last Glaciation

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