WULFFITE, K3NaCu4O2(SO4)4, AND PARAWULFFITE, K5Na3Cu8O4(SO4)8, TWO NEW MINERALS FROM FUMAROLE SUBLIMATES OF THE TOLBACHIK VOLCANO, KAMCHATKA, RUSSIA

Copper in Natural Oxide Spinels: The New Mineral Thermaerogenite CuAl2O4, Cuprospinel and Cu-Enriched Varieties of Other Spinel-Group Members from Fumaroles of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

“…Basalt scoria which composes the walls of fumarole chambers can be a source of elements having low volatilities in such post-volcanic systems, namely Mg, Al and Ti [29,30]. Our temperature measurements in fumaroles of the Second scoria cone of the NB GTFE and fumaroles born by the Ploskiy Tolbachik eruption of 2012-2013 [31] together with data based on the halite-sylvite solid-solution thermometry [19] show that the mineral assemblages with Cu-bearing oxide spinels were formed at temperatures definitely not lower than 500 • C and probably not higher than 800 • C. This assumption is in agreement with data on synthetic CuAl 2 O 4 prepared under the atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 600-1100 • C [28]. Thus, the most probable temperature interval of crystallization of Cu-rich oxide spinels in Tolbachik fumaroles seems to be 600-800 • C.…”

Copper-Containing Magnesioferrite in Vesicular Trachyandesite in a Lava Tube from the 2012–2013 Eruption of the Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

“…According to experimental data [26,28], the association of hematite + cuprospinel + tenorite is most stable in this temperature interval. Unlike the Duplex associations, the temperature interval for crystallization of Cu-rich oxide spinels in the Arsenatnaya and other Tolbachik fumaroles is suggested to be 600-800 • C [4,5,16].…”

“…A new mineral, belomarinaite (KNaSO 4 ), was discovered in sublimates of the skylight shown in Figure 2A [15]. Some sublimate spots (small fumaroles) contain fedotovite (K 2 Cu 3 O(SO 4 ) 3 ), euchlorine (KNaCu 3 O(SO 4 ) 3 ), parawulffite (K 5 Na 3 Cu 8 O 4 (SO 4 ) 8 ), an unidentified KNaCu 2 O(SO 4 ) 2 phase, chalcocyanite, aphthitalite, ralstonite, chalcantite, erythrosiderite, and eriochalcite [14,16]. Large fumaroles of the 2012-2013 Tolbachik fissure eruption (e.g., Saranchinaitovaya fumarole, Naboko scoria cone) contain mineral assemblages comparable with fumaroles from the First and Second scoria cones of the Northern Breakthrough of the Great Tolbachik Fissure eruption (1975)(1976), but shows poorer mineral diversity and abundance.…”

Фумарольные Системы Окислительного Типа На Вулкане Толбачик - Минералогический И Геохимический Уникум

“…На Толбачике первым минералом, в котором обнаружилось существенное количество цезия, стал аверьевит Cu5O2(VO4)2nACl, где A = K, Rb, Cs; он содержит до 4.1 мас.% Cs2O (Вергасова и др., 1998). Наши данные показали, что цезийтипичный примесный компонент, изоморфно замещающий калий в ряде высокотемпературных (> 250-500ºC) сульфатов (например, вульфит содержит до 1.1, паравульфит -до 1.4, а криптохальцит -до 3.0 мас.% Cs2O: Pekov et al, 2014aPekov et al, , 2018c (Набоко, Главатских, 1992a; Вергасова и др., 2007). На Северном фумарольном поле Первого конуса нами зафиксировано широкое распространение селлаит-флюоритовых корок и найдены два алюмофторида, ранее на Толбачике не отмечавшихся -якобссонит и леонардсенит.…”