Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in children in relation to parental infection status

Das, Pradeep; Sirvidya, A.; Vanamail, Perumal; Ramaiah, K. D.; Pani, S P; Michael, E.; Bundy, D. A. P.

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90521-6

Cited by 25 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As in prior studies, we have no information on the infection status of mothers during gestation, but we assume that many of the women who were infected at the time of our study were also infected during their pregnancies. Our results are similar to those recently reported by Alexander and others 21 and by Das and others 22 in that infection in either parent was associated with a significantly increased risk of infection in children, and there was no special risk associated with maternal infection. Unlike Alexander and others, we found that the risk associated with parental infection was independent of village of residence, but this does not exclude the possibility that the association was caused by environmental factors affecting exposure to infection that are shared between parents and children residing in the same houses.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up.

Weil¹,

Ramzy²,

Setouhy³

et al. 1999

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. We initiated a longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis to improve understanding of dynamics and risk factors for infection in villages near Cairo, Egypt. Baseline prevalence rates for microfilaremia and filarial antigenemia for 1,853 subjects more than 9 years of age were 7.7% and 11.2%, respectively. Microfilaria counts, antigen levels, and microfilaremia incidence over a 1-year period were all significantly lower in older people. These findings suggest that humans develop partial immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti over time. One-year incidence rates for microfilaremia and antigenemia were 1.8% and 3.1%, respectively. Filarial antigenemia, IgG4 antibody to recombinant antigen BmM14, and household infection were all significant risk factors for microfilaremia incidence. Microfilaria counts and parasite antigen levels were significantly reduced by diethylcarbamazine therapy, but many infected subjects refused treatment, and most treated people were still infected one year later. Incident infections approximately balanced infections lost to produce an apparent state of dynamic equilibrium.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up.

Weil¹,

Ramzy²,

Setouhy³

et al. 1999

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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“…Meyrowitsch et al (1995a) demonstrated that individual micro® larial positivity remained remarkably static for 16 years in a Tanzanian community. In contrast to the present results, Das et al (1997), working in India, did not observe any signi® cant difference in the prevalence of micro® laraemia between children born to micro® laraemic mothers and those born to micro® laraemic fathers, and they suggested that intra-familial exposure to W. bancrofti was more important than inborn tolerance to the parasite.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of Matara, Sri Lanka

Weerasooriya

Gunawardena

et al. 2001

Annals of Tropical Medicine And Parasitology

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The epidemiological parameters of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in three suburbs of Matara, within the south-western coastal belt of Sri Lanka where the disease is endemic. The overall prevalence of microfilaraemia and the geometric mean density of the microfilaraemias observed were 4.4% and 20.6 microfilariae/60 microl fingerprick blood, respectively. Prevalence was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the male, and in males aged < 20 years than in older males. Overall, 9.5% of the subjects had the clinical manifestations of bancroftian filariasis (6.4% had filarial fever, 3.0% had elephantiasis and/or oedema, and 6.2% had hydrocele). The prevalence of elephantiasis/oedema was generally higher among the female subjects (4.2%) than among the male (1.4%), and an age-prevalence plot for this manifestation showed a linear increase in prevalence after the age of 40 years. Hydrocele also became commoner with increasing age, but this increase in prevalence began at the lower age of 20 years. More than 60% of the cases of elephantiasis/oedema but only 26.3% of the subjects found to have hydroceles experienced filarial fever attacks. The cases of fever and elephantiasis/oedema (but not those of microfilaraemia or hydrocele) were aggregated within households. However, the children whose mothers were microfilaraemic were much more likely to be microfilaraemic themselves (8.7%) than the children who had amicrofilaraemic mothers (2.8%), microfilaraemic fathers (0.0%) or amicrofilaraemic fathers (2.7%). The results of entomological surveys indicated that transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti occurred throughout the year in the study community.

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“…13 Other studies have indicated that children of both mf-positive mothers and fathers are more likely to be mf positive than children of mf-negative parents. 37,38 Based on these studies, it appears that parental and not only maternal infection is the more important risk for infection in the offspring, probably due to increased household exposure. The present study analyzed the relationship between infection status of parents and that of their children not only for mf, but also for the first time for CFA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa.

Simonsen

Meyrowitsch²,

Jaoko³

et al. 2002

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa were analyzed and compared to assess the relationship between these parameters and community transmission intensity. Overall prevalences of microfilaremia and circulating filarial antigenemia were 24.9% and 52.2% in the high and 2.7% and 16.5% in the low endemicity community, respectively. A positive history of acute attacks of adenolymphangitis was given by 12.2% and 7.1% of the populations, 4.0% and 0.9% of the adult (Ն 20 years old) individuals presented with limb lymphedema, and 25.3% and 5.3% of the adult males had hydrocele, in the high and the low endemicity community, respectively. Both infection and disease appeared earlier and reached much higher levels in the high than in the low endemicity community. The observed overall and age-specific infection and disease patterns in the two communities were in agreement with the view that these are primarily shaped by transmission intensity. No statistically significant relationships between infection status of fathers and mothers and that of their children were observed in any of the communities for either microfilaremia or for circulating filarial antigenemia. The overall levels (prevalence and geometric mean intensity) of filarial-specific IgG1, IgG2, IgG4, and IgE were significantly higher in the high endemicity community than in the low endemicity community. Surprisingly, the opposite pattern was found for IgG3. Community transmission intensity thus appears to be an important determinant of observed inter-community variation in infection, disease, and host response patterns in Bancroftian filariasis.

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Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia in children in relation to parental infection status

Cited by 25 publications

References 6 publications

A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up.

A longitudinal study of Bancroftian filariasis in the Nile Delta of Egypt: baseline data and one-year follow-up.

Epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of Matara, Sri Lanka

Bancroftian filariasis infection, disease, and specific antibody response patterns in a high and a low endemicity community in East Africa.

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