Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Haitian immigrants and the risk of re-emergence of lymphatic filariasis in the Brazilian Amazon

Silva, Edson Fidelis da; Lacerda, Marcus Vinícius Guimarães; Fontes, Gilberto; Mourão, Maria Paula Gomes; Martins, Marilaine

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0407-2016

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The mosaic of onchocerciasis hyper-, meso-, and hypoendemicity in Africa implies an underlying geographic mosaic of parasite transmission zones (Figure 3; African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control/World Health Organization, 2010) that is the product of long-term, historical spatial density and migration patterns of the blackfly vector and of the human host (Blouin et al, 1995;Nadler, 1995;Jarne and Théron, 2001;Criscione and Blouin, 2004;Criscione et al, 2005;Prugnolle et al, 2005;Barrett et al, 2008). This pattern was not important for implementation of "project areas" for control of onchocerciasis as a public health problem (i.e., morbidity reduction and prevention), which were delineated based on the administrative borders of health system units in which meso-and hyperendemic areas were located.…”

Section: Delineating Transmission Zones For Sustainable Onchocerciasimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitic nematodes tend to have higher genetic diversity than vertebrates (e.g., Blouin et al, 1992;Grant and Whitington, 1994;Blouin et al, 1995;Hawdon et al, 2001;Prichard, 2001), possibly due to their complex life cycles, transmission epidemiology (Criscione et al, 2005), and large population size. Although the high genetic diversity in parasites may require a large sample size to ensure the data are representative, estimating population genetic structure does not require a complete, assembled genome.…”

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genomic Epidemiology in Filarial Nematodes: Transforming the Basis for Elimination Program Decisions

et al. 2020

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Section: Delineating Transmission Zones For Sustainable Onchocerciasimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conceptual Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Epidemiology in Filarial Nematodes: Transforming the Basis for Elimination Program Decisions

et al. 2020

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“…In recent years, there has been migration of Haitians to Brazil, and cases of microfilaremia have been identified in this group. These cases could be a source for transmission of LF in disease-free areas [37,40–42]. Thus, the surveillance of migration to countries that are participants in the GPELF is important even after validation of LF elimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil

et al. 2019

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BackgroundThe objective of the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) is to phase out this endemic disease as a public health problem by 2020. Validation of elimination is obtained from the World Health Organization through evidence of non-transmission in countries that have already been subjected to mass drug administration (MDA) and in places adjoining these endemic areas. While three municipalities in Brazil have completed MDA, the epidemiological situation remains uncertain in nine adjoining municipalities. To determine the epidemiological status, this study was to perform a review of the literature and a school-based survey to describe the past and recent endemicity of lymphatic filariasis (LF) theses nine municipalities in Brazil.Methodology/Principle findingsFor review of the literature, both formal and informal literature sources were accessed since the first reports of filariasis in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, Brazil. We conducted a school-based survey in 2016 using immunochromatographic card tests (ICTs) among schoolchildren aged 6–10 years living in nine municipalities contiguous with the endemic areas in which MDA was conducted. Our review of the literature identified eight studies involving surveys demonstrating that microfilariae had been circulating in eight of the municipalities since 1967, with a low prevalence of microfilaremia, isolated autochthonous cases, and treatment of individual cases. The school-based survey included 17,222 children in 185 urban schools in the nine areas of Brazil with uncertain endemicity. One child affected by allochthonous transmission was antigen positive based on ICT and lived in a municipality adjacent to Recife; this child’s family came from Recife, but no other case was diagnosed within the family.Conclusions/SignificanceThe study results suggest that there is no transmission of LF in the municipalities investigated. However, these areas have population migration and socioenvironmental conditions favorable to mosquito breeding grounds; therefore, surveillance is strongly recommended in these areas.

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“…By the end of 2020, MDA had not yet been delivered to ten endemic countries [57], which raised concerns about the recurrence of filarial infections in countries or areas that were previously declared free of LF infection [58]. One reason for this concern is human migration from endemic to LF-free areas [59][60][61][62]. The majority of migrants were from rural endemic areas, which had poor sanitation, rice fields, and inadequate mosquito control.…”

Section: Lymphatic Filariasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology

Bhoj

Togre

Khatri³

et al. 2022

Vaccines

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Human lymphatic filariae have evolved numerous immune evasion strategies to secure their long-term survival in a host. These strategies include regulation of pattern recognition receptors, mimicry with host glycans and immune molecules, manipulation of innate and adaptive immune cells, induction of apoptosis in effector immune cells, and neutralization of free radicals. This creates an anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory milieu in the host: a modified Th2 immune response. Therefore, targeting filarial immunomodulators and manipulating the filariae-driven immune system against the filariae can be a potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategy. Filariae-derived immunosuppression can also be exploited to treat other inflammatory diseases and immunopathologic states of parasitic diseases, such as cerebral malaria, and to prevent leishmaniasis. This paper reviews immunomodulatory mechanisms acquired by these filariae for their own survival and their potential application in the development of novel therapeutic approaches against parasitic and inflammatory diseases. Insight into the intricate network of host immune-parasite interactions would aid in the development of effective immune-therapeutic options for both infectious and immune-pathological diseases.

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Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Haitian immigrants and the risk of re-emergence of lymphatic filariasis in the Brazilian Amazon

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Genomic Epidemiology in Filarial Nematodes: Transforming the Basis for Elimination Program Decisions

Genomic Epidemiology in Filarial Nematodes: Transforming the Basis for Elimination Program Decisions

Assessment of transmission in areas of uncertain endemicity for lymphatic filariasis in Brazil

Harnessing Immune Evasion Strategy of Lymphatic Filariae: A Therapeutic Approach against Inflammatory and Infective Pathology

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