“…Environmental monitoring applications are mainly based on WSN which are worthy to perform the ability of a passive WuR method. It is a collaboration of many sensor nodes distributed all over a city (smart city [2,20]) or it could be integrated into many other applications such as smart gate [179], smart building [181][182][183][184], security systems [30,191], indoor localization [173][174][175], WSN for urban area [189], smart wildlife monitoring [21,171], green IoT [33], industrial internet of things (IIoT) [15], unmanned aerial vehicles/system (UAV/UAS) [11] [172] and many others.…”