“…Existing vibration‐based techniques for monitoring railway track dynamic properties can be divided into trackside and train‐borne vibration measurements. In the former category, sensors are usually mounted on rails (Yue et al., 2016), sleepers (Le Pen et al., 2016), ballast (Liu et al., 2021), or concrete slabs (Zhang et al., 2021) to measure their dynamic response under train passage and to support the identification of track properties. However, these techniques are cost‐prohibitive for large‐scale infrastructure monitoring, so they are usually applied at hot spots, such as joints (Yang et al., 2018) and crossings (Boogaard et al., 2018; Shen et al., 2019).…”