Writing Reactions of Metals with Nitric Acid: A Mnemonic Device for Introductory Chemistry Students

Kurushkin, Mikhail

doi:10.1021/ed5006773

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…Nitric acid is one of the strong mineral acids and is a strong oxidizing agent. Thus, it is a good dissolving agent for most metals 22,23 . The chemical reactions occurring during the dissolution of metallic zinc in nitric acid solutions can be simply written as in Equation ) or in Equation )

{Zn}_{(normals)} + {2H}^{+}_{(aq)} \to {Zn}^{2 +}_{(aq)} + H_{2 ((), g)}

{Zn}_{(normals)} + {2HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + H_{2 ((), g)}

However, it has been expressed in the literature that the dissolution of metallic zinc in nitric acid solutions is quite complicated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various researchers have stated that the products of the reaction occurred between nitric acid and zinc metal may be different depending on the concentration of nitric acid. The following reactions for the dissolution of zinc in nitric acid solutions have been proposed in the literature 22‐25

{4Zn}_{(normals)} + 10 {HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 4Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + {NH}_{4} {NO}_{3 ((), aq)} + {3H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

{4Zn}_{(normals)} + 10 {HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 4Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + N_{2} O_{(normalg)} + {5H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

{3Zn}_{(normals)} + {8HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 3Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + {2NO}_{(normalg)} + {4H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, it is a good dissolving agent for most metals. 22,23 The chemical reactions occurring during the dissolution of metallic zinc in nitric acid solutions can be simply written as in Equation ( 2) or in Equation ( 3)…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following reactions for the dissolution of zinc in nitric acid solutions have been proposed in the literature. [22][23][24][25] 4Zn s…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dissolution kinetics of metallic zinc obtained from spent zinc‐carbon batteries in nitric acid solutions

Demirkıran

Şenel

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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In this study, the dissolution kinetics of metallic zinc pieces obtained from waste zinc–carbon batteries was investigated using nitric acid solutions. The effects of the concentration of nitric acid, amount of metallic zinc, reaction temperature and stirring speed on the dissolution process were determined, and a mathematical model to represent the dissolution kinetics was presented. It was observed that the dissolution rate increased with increasing nitric acid concentration, stirring speed and reaction temperature and with decreasing amount of metallic zinc. While the concentration of nitric acid, reaction temperature, stirring speed, amount of zinc, and reaction time were 0.15 M, 30°C, 400 rpm, 0.1 g, and 20 min, respectively, the amount of dissolved zinc was found to be 98.3%. The result of the kinetic analysis showed that the dissolution rate fit to the pseudo‐first order kinetic. The activation energy for the dissolution process was calculated to be 12.89 kJ/mol. It was determined that the dissolution process was controlled by diffusion. Zinc ions in the resulting solution after the dissolution treatment was recovered by precipitation method using sodium bicarbonate solution. It was determined that zinc ions were precipitated as zinc hydroxy‐carbonate compound. Zinc compound obtained was subjected to the calcination treatment, and zinc oxide was produced.

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{Zn}_{(normals)} + {2H}^{+}_{(aq)} \to {Zn}^{2 +}_{(aq)} + H_{2 ((), g)}

{Zn}_{(normals)} + {2HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + H_{2 ((), g)}

However, it has been expressed in the literature that the dissolution of metallic zinc in nitric acid solutions is quite complicated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

{4Zn}_{(normals)} + 10 {HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 4Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + {NH}_{4} {NO}_{3 ((), aq)} + {3H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

{4Zn}_{(normals)} + 10 {HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 4Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + N_{2} O_{(normalg)} + {5H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

{3Zn}_{(normals)} + {8HNO}_{3 ((), aq)} \to 3Zn {({NO}_{3})}_{2 ((), aq)} + {2NO}_{(normalg)} + {4H}_{2} O_{(normall)}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The following reactions for the dissolution of zinc in nitric acid solutions have been proposed in the literature. [22][23][24][25] 4Zn s…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dissolution kinetics of metallic zinc obtained from spent zinc‐carbon batteries in nitric acid solutions

Demirkıran

Şenel

2020

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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“…However, a person cannot remember everything and does not need to. In order to facilitate and improve learning, different methods such as algorithms [6,7] and mnemonic schemes [8,9] are used. It has been found that visual algorithmic or mnemonic schemes used in studying facilitate the training of teachers and increase the uptake of knowledge and skills of the students.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Dissoliution in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Šulčius¹,

Griškonis²,

Žmuidzinavičienė³

2019

WJCE

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When redox reactions are studied in the chemistry course, focus is limited to the use of a series of metal activity, electron or electron-ion balance method, and writing of the reaction equations. Students find the redox reactions that occur during the dissolution of metals in acids difficult. Motivated students should be able to solve four problems while studying redox reactions: 1) indicate oxidizing agent and reducing agent; 2) write correct products forming and balance the redox reaction; 3) calculate the electromotive force E 0 of the redox reaction; 4) indicate the thermodynamic possibility of the occurrence of redox reaction by calculating Gibbs energy ∆G 0. The proposed improved methodology for studying the reactions of dissolution of metals in acids allows students to systematize and expand knowledge about redox reactions in inorganic chemistry. To improve the assimilation of knowledge about the dissolution of copper in sulfuric acid, mnemonic scheme has been proposed that makes it possible to understand better composition of the products. Copper reacted with concentrated sulfuric acid only when heated and precipitation of black deposit was observed. The amount of black deposit in the acid and on the surface of copper depended on the method and intensity of heating: heating with interruptions or intensive continuous heating. It has been determined, that during copper dissolution in concentrated 96% sulfuric acid two reactions take place (the main and the parallel) and precipitation of black deposit, consisting mainly of Cu 2 S and a small amount of Cu 2 O, is observed.

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NOx speciation from copper dissolution in nitric acid/water solutions using FTIR spectroscopy

Dorhout

Anderson

Batista

et al. 2020

Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy

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Writing Reactions of Metals with Nitric Acid: A Mnemonic Device for Introductory Chemistry Students

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Dissolution kinetics of metallic zinc obtained from spent zinc‐carbon batteries in nitric acid solutions

Dissolution kinetics of metallic zinc obtained from spent zinc‐carbon batteries in nitric acid solutions

Copper Dissoliution in Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

NOx speciation from copper dissolution in nitric acid/water solutions using FTIR spectroscopy

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