Writing of two-dimensional crystal curved lines at the surface of Sm2O3–Bi2O3–B2O3 glass by samarium atom heat processing

Laser-induced crystallization of β′-RE2(MoO4)3 ferroelectrics (RE: Sm, Gd, Dy) in glasses and their surface morphologies

“…If the temperature of the laser irradiated region reaches to the crystallization temperature of a given glass, consequently crystallization is induced. Using this technique, Honma et al [7,8] succeeded in the patterning of single-like crystal lines consisting of non-linear optical Sm x Bi 1Àx BO 3 and b-BaB 2 O 4 crystals in glasses, and very recently, Ihara et al [9] have reported the writing of two-dimensional crystal curved or bending lines consisting of Sm x Bi 1Àx BO 3 crystals showing a second harmonic generation (SHG). It is of interest to apply the samarium atom heat processing to various glass-forming systems and to induce functional crystals in glasses.…”

Laser-induced crystal growth of nonlinear optical crystal on glass surface

“…Especially, we reported the formation of single crystal lines consisting of nonlinear optical BiBO3 26) and β -BaB2O4 (β -BBO) 30) crystals in Sm2O3-Bi2O3-B2O3 and Sm2O3(Dy2O3)-BaO-B2O3 glasses. Furthermore, Ihara et al 29) have reported the writing of two-dimensional crystal curved or bending lines consisting of rare-earth ion doped BiBO3 crystals showing a second harmonic generation (SHG).…”

“…The direction of BiBO3 orientation, i.e., uni-axial growth, is decided by self-organization even though the scanning direction changes drastically. 29) β '-Gd2(MoO4)3 (designate as GMO) is a well known ferroelastic and ferroelectric crystals. By using laser irradiation technique GMO line patterns exhibits unique morphology as shown in Fig.…”

Micro-architecture of nonlinear optical Ba2TiGe2O8 crystal dots and lines on the surface of laser-induced crystallized glasses by chemical etching

“…Recently, crystal dots and lines consisting of nonlinear optical crystals such as b-BaB 2 O 4 , Ba 2 TiGe 2 O 8 , and (Sr,Ba)Nb 2 O 6 have been patterned on the glass surface by irradiations of lasers such as continuous wave (cw) Nd:YAG lasers with a wavelength of l = 1064 nm [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In those laser-induced crystallization techniques, irradiated lasers are absorbed by rare-earth (RE) ions such as Sm 3+ through f-f transitions or transition metal (TM) ions such as Cu 2+ through d-d transitions in glasses, and the laser energy absorbed by RE or TM ions is transferred to lattice vibrations through a non-radiative relaxation process (electron-phonon couplings).…”

“…Thus, the surrounding of RE or TM ions is heated, and consequently crystallizations are induced. Crystal lines have been patterned by scanning lasers [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”