Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes

Emerson, Robert M.; Fretz, Rachel I.; Shaw, Linda L.

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226206851.001.0001

Cited by 4,228 publications

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“…13,20 Ethnography is concerned with the everyday experiences of individuals, organizations, and society, with a commitment to understanding the cultural context in which these experiences and social interactions take place. 21 We collected information in the form of observational, interview and documentary data from January 2012 to May 2013. We report mainly on interview data, although the analysis was informed by observation and documentary data as well.…”

Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…JG conducted observations at different times during the weekday from 7:00 am to 4:30 pm, when staff across the complete range of healthcare professionals were most likely working in the unit and activity concerning discharge was highest. During observations, JG took fieldnotes about people, spaces, objects, actions and interactions, in addition to conversation that was occurring 20,21 that was focused on discharge.…”

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 In total, she collected approximately 65 hours of observations. We developed the interview guide based on initial observations and the interprofessional collaboration and discharge literature.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Medical Residents and Interprofessional Interactions in Discharge: An Ethnographic Exploration of Factors That Affect Negotiation

Goldman

Reeves

et al. 2015

J GEN INTERN MED

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BACKGROUND:Interprofessional collaboration is an important aspect of patient discharge from a general internal medicine (GIM) unit. However, there has been minimal empirical or theoretical research that has examined interactions that occur between medical residents and other healthcare professionals in the discharge process. This study provides insight into the social processes that shape and characterize such interactions. OBJECTIVE: To explore factors that shape interactions between medical residents and other healthcare professionals in relation to patient discharge, and to examine the opportunities for negotiations about discharge between these professional groups. DESIGN: A qualitative ethnographic approach using observations, interviews and documentary analysis. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Healthcare professionals working in a GIM unit in Canada. APPROACH: Sixty-five hours of observations were undertaken in a range of settings (e.g. interprofessional rounds, medical and nursing rounds, nursing station) in the unit over a 17-month period. A maximum variation sampling approach was used to identify healthcare professionals working in the unit. Twenty-three interviews were completed, recorded and transcribed verbatim. A directed content approach using theories of medical dominance and negotiated order was used to analyze the data. KEY RESULTS: The organization of clinical work in combination with clinical teaching influenced interprofessional interactions and the quality of discharge in this GIM unit. While organizational activities (orientation and rounds) and individual activities (e.g. role modeling, teaching) supported negotiations between medical residents and other healthcare professionals around discharge, participants had varied perspectives about their effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: This study illuminates social factors and processes that require attention in order to address challenges with interprofessional collaboration and discharge in GIM. These findings have implications for medical education, workplace learning, patient safety and quality improvement.KEY WORDS: Medical education-practice-based learning; Qualitative research; Quality improvement; Health services research.

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Section: Study Design and Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sampling Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Residents and Interprofessional Interactions in Discharge: An Ethnographic Exploration of Factors That Affect Negotiation

Goldman

Reeves

et al. 2015

J GEN INTERN MED

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“…The interviews were semi-structured, I asked probing questions, and the interview guide was arranged thematically (Emerson, Fretz, & Shaw, 1995; Lofland, Snow, Anderson, & Lofland, 2006). The interview guide was arranged around four sub-themes of questions: 1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research collection was an iterative process. I analysed some data in the field and adjusted my interview guide and foci (Emerson et al, 1995; Lofland et al, 2006). I engaged in initial coding, wherein any themes that seemed important were recorded.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In their own words: disaster and emotion, suffering, and mental health

McKinzie

2018

International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well

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Purpose: In this article, I explore emotions, trauma, and mental health issues residents experienced after tornadoes in Tuscaloosa, Alabama and Joplin, Missouri in 2011. Methods: The research is based on 162 interviews and fieldwork from 2013-2015. I draw from literature on social suffering and trauma to ask how experiencing mental health and trauma changes how people make sense of their social worlds. Results: I discuss four common themes: 1. Emotions in immediate aftermath, 2. Relationship strain, 3. Mental health problems, and 4. Emotions in long-term recovery. Throughout the article, I pay attention to the bodily experiences of suffering and trauma. Conclusion: I argue experiencing mental health and suffering may be a critical perspective—one that can shed light on being in the world in ways that other perspectives may be less suitable to do.

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Working Through Disaster: Re-establishing Mental Health Care After Hurricane Katrina

Baker¹,

Feldman²,

Lowerson³

2012

Disaster med. public health prep.

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ABSTRACTObjective: Our research explored how mental health care providers continued to work during and after Hurricane Katrina.Methods: We interviewed 32 practitioners working in the New Orleans mental health care community during and after Hurricane Katrina. Through qualitative data analysis, we developed three temporal periods of disruption: the evacuation period, the surreal period, and the new normal period. We analyzed the actions informants took during these time periods.Results: The mental health care providers adapted to disruption by displaying two forms of flexibility: doing different tasks and doing tasks differently. How much and how they engaged in these forms of flexibility varied during the three periods.Conclusions: Informants' actions helped to create system resilience by adjusting the extent to which they were doing different tasks and the ways in which they were doing tasks differently during the three time periods. Their flexibility allowed them to provide basic care and adapt to changed circumstances. Their flexibility also contributed to maintaining a skilled workforce in the affected region.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:311–315)

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Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes

Cited by 4,228 publications

References 0 publications

Medical Residents and Interprofessional Interactions in Discharge: An Ethnographic Exploration of Factors That Affect Negotiation

Medical Residents and Interprofessional Interactions in Discharge: An Ethnographic Exploration of Factors That Affect Negotiation

In their own words: disaster and emotion, suffering, and mental health

Working Through Disaster: Re-establishing Mental Health Care After Hurricane Katrina

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