“…Previous research has examined cardiorespiratory and/or surface EMG (sEMG) recordings of various lower extremity muscles during aquatic treadmill (ATM) walking (Masumoto et al, 2004(Masumoto et al, , 2005(Masumoto et al, , 2007a(Masumoto et al, ,b, 2008 and deep water running (Kaneda et al, 2007;Masumoto et al, 2009). Prior to that, swimming received a significant amount of attention relative to the use of sEMG through both conventional (Caty et al, 2007) and telemetric (Clarys, 1985(Clarys, , 1988Clarys et al, 1983Clarys et al, , 1985Rouard and Clarys, 1995;Rouard et al, 1997Rouard et al, , 1988Yoshizawa et al, 1983) recording systems, which provided insights on muscle recruitment patterns, particularly in the upper extremities. Additionally, some of the swimming research employed indwelling needle electrodes to record upper extremity muscle activity (Nuber et al, 1986;Perry, 1992).…”