Wrist-Gathered Acceleration Data and their Correlation with Physical Activity in the Elderly

Abstract

Estimating physical activity in the elderly from wrist-gathered acceleration data was studied. Thirty individuals (65+ years) were video-recorded while wearing a wrist device and going about their normal activities within their regular living environment for four hours each. Acceleration data were summarized into an activity value [via the "differential signal magnitude" (DSM) method] and compared to metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values determined by video analysis for each time period ("epoch"). Different sampling rates and epoch sizes were evaluated. Sampling at 4 Hz and using 60-second epochs provided the best results, with a moderate Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.58 between DSM activity values and MET values. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for classifying each minute of data as active (MET >= 2.0) versus moderately active (MET > 1.2 and < 2.0) was 0.87 (sensitivity 80%, specificity 79%). DSM activity values (sampling at 4 Hz) were compared to the widely known signal magnitude area (SMA) values (requiring low-pass filtering and sampling at 40 Hz), with an excellent correlation of 0.994.