Woven‐Yarn Thermoelectric Textiles

Lee, Jun Young; Aliev, Ali E.; Bykova, Julia; Andrade, Mário de; Kim, Dae-Young; Sim, Hyeon Jun; Lepró, Xavier; Zakhidov, Anvar A.; Lee, Jeong; Spinks, Geoffrey M.; Roth, S.; Kim, Seon Jeong; Baughman, Ray H.

doi:10.1002/adma.201600709

Cited by 198 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…23,32,33 A circuit comprising a battery, conducting yarn, and LED was embroidered (couch stitch method) upon a swatch of felted wool fabric, which could be repeatedly bent around the wrist of the lead author (Figure 5a). Similarly, we devised a simple thermoelectric device that consisted of two ∼5 cm long p-type legs of dyed silk (10 yarns per leg) that we short-circuited with silver wire (Figure 5b).…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles

Ryan

Mengistie

Gabrielsson

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

192

194

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Durable, electrically conducting yarns are a critical component of electronic textiles (e-textiles). Here, such yarns with exceptional wear and wash resistance are realized through dyeing silk from the silkworm Bombyx mori with the conjugated polymer:polyelectrolyte complex PEDOT:PSS. A high Young’s modulus of approximately 2 GPa combined with a robust and scalable dyeing process results in up to 40 m long yarns that maintain their bulk electrical conductivity of approximately 14 S cm–1 when experiencing repeated bending stress as well as mechanical wear during sewing. Moreover, a high degree of ambient stability is paired with the ability to withstand both machine washing and dry cleaning. For the potential use for e-textile applications to be illustrated, an in-plane thermoelectric module that comprises 26 p-type legs is demonstrated by embroidery of dyed silk yarns onto a piece of felted wool fabric.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles

Ryan

Mengistie

Gabrielsson

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

192

194

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“…Techniques to fabricate FTEG devices by surface modification include drop-casting, [24,60,63,71,77,84,[105][106][107]109,113,147] dip coating, [74,[130][131][132] spin coating, [79][80][81]148] radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, [20,149,150] thermal vapour deposition, [19,[151][152][153] screen printing, [18,154] and dispenser printing. [128] Drop-casting is one of the most common techniques due to the easy operation without vacuum or high-temperature conditions.…”

Section: Fabrication Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] These metal wires were interconnected to form thermocouples. [20] When the temperature difference was 200 °C, the output power in the textile thickness direction was 8.56 W m -2 . [20] When the temperature difference was 200 °C, the output power in the textile thickness direction was 8.56 W m -2 .…”

Section: D Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] However, the utilization of metal wires as TE materials sacrifices the comfortability of the device. [20] This article critically reviews state-of-the-art FTEGs with regard to increasing demands for renewable energy as well as flexibility and light weight of such devices in large-area or wearable applications. [18] Their FTEG device was composed of small TE semiconductor patches pressed into woven glass fabric, forming an islandlike network.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fiber‐Based Thermoelectric Generators: Materials, Device Structures, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications

Zhang

Lin

Tao

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

115

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Fiber‐based flexible thermoelectric energy generators are 3D deformable, lightweight, and desirable for applications in large‐area waste heat recovery, and as energy suppliers for wearable or mobile electronic systems in which large mechanical deformations, high energy conversion efficiency, and electrical stability are greatly demanded. These devices can be manufactured at low or room temperature under ambient conditions by established industrial processes, offering cost‐effective and reliable products in mass quantity. This article presents a critical overview and review of state‐of‐the‐art fiber‐based thermoelectric generators, covering their operational principle, materials, device structures, fabrication methods, characterization, and potential applications. Scientific and practical challenges along with critical issues and opportunities are also discussed.

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“…[13] By weaving the TE-coated yarns into textiles, they were able to obtain an output power of up to 8.56 W m −2 for a temperature difference of 200 K in the textile thickness direction. Another recent study on thermoelectric fabrics utilized a completely different type of material solution, where thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) polymer was used to coat a polyester fabric with a solution-based method.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Thermoelectric ZnO–Organic Superlattices on Cotton Textile Substrates by ALD/MLD

Karttunen

Sarnes

Townsend

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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we focus on small-scale energy harvesting based on the thermoelectric effect.Thermoelectric materials can be used to convert waste heat to electric energy via Seebeck effect. They are characterized by a dimensionless figure-of-merit ZT = S 2 σT/(κ e + κ L ), where S is the Seebeck coefficient (thermopower), σ the electrical conductivity, T the temperature, and κ e and κ L the electronic and lattice contributions to the thermal conductivity κ. [12] Figure 1 illustrates the basic principle of a conventional thermoelectric (TE) energy conversion device and the concept of a TE generator device combined with a flexible substrate. Furthermore, Figure 1c shows how the ZT value arises from the abovementioned individual components. Alloys of bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ) and antimony telluride (Sb 2 Te 3 ) are by far the most widely used TE materials. They show high ZT values for near-room-temperature applications and have been utilized for decades in solid-state refrigeration applications. A major obstacle for the widespread utilization of Bi-Sb-Te based thermoelectrics is the low abundance of tellurium: it is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust. Furthermore, current thermoelectric generators based on conventional TE materials such as Bi 2 Te 3 are typically inflexible solid-state devices, which would not be convenient for mobile small-scale applications. [12] Consequently, there is a significant interest in producing flexible and efficient TE generator solutions. In particular, a mechanically flexible TE generator solution integrated with light-weight and comfortable textile substrates could be an enabling platform for body-heat-based energy harvesting.Recently Lee et al. fabricated woven-yarn thermoelectric textiles by coating electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofiber cores with n-type Bi 2 Te 3 and p-type Sb 2 Te 3 and twisting them into flexible yarns. [13] By weaving the TE-coated yarns into textiles, they were able to obtain an output power of up to 8.56 W m −2 for a temperature difference of 200 K in the textile thickness direction. Another recent study on thermoelectric fabrics utilized a completely different type of material solution, where thermoelectric PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) polymer was used to coat a polyester fabric with a solution-based method. [14] This fabric-TE device was based on p-type PEDOT:PSS only, resulting in a so-called unileg-type device that produced an output power of about 260 µW m −2 for a temperature difference of 75 K.The thermoelectric properties of both pristine ZnO and ZnO-organic superlattice thin films deposited on a cotton textile are investigated. The thin films are fabricated by atomic layer deposition/molecular layer deposition, using hydroquinone as the organic precursor for the superlattices. The resulting thin-film coatings are crystalline, in particular when deposited on a textile substrate with a thin predeposited Al 2 O 3 seed layer. The thermoelectric properties of the ZnO and ZnO-organic superlattice coatings are comp...

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Woven‐Yarn Thermoelectric Textiles

Cited by 198 publications

References 27 publications

Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles

Machine-Washable PEDOT:PSS Dyed Silk Yarns for Electronic Textiles

Fiber‐Based Thermoelectric Generators: Materials, Device Structures, Fabrication, Characterization, and Applications

Flexible Thermoelectric ZnO–Organic Superlattices on Cotton Textile Substrates by ALD/MLD

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