Wool
keratin (WK) protein is attractive for wound dressing and
biomedical applications due to its excellent biodegradability, cytocompatibility,
and wound-healing properties. In this work, WK-based wound dressings
were prepared by depositing WK/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and silver
nanoparticle (Ag NP)-embedded WK/PVA composite nanofibrous membranes
on cotton fabrics by electrospinning. Ag NPs were biosynthesized by
reduction and stabilization with sodium alginate. The formed Ag NPs
were characterized by ultraviolet–visible and Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and their size was determined by transmission
electron microscopy and image analysis. The formed Ag NPs were spherical
and had an average diameter of 9.95 nm. The produced Ag NP-embedded
WK/PVA composite nanofiber-deposited cotton fabric surface was characterized
by FTIR and dynamic contact angle measurements, and the nanofiber
morphologies were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The
average diameter of the nanofibers formed by 0.1% Ag NP-embedded WK/PVA
solution was 146.7 nm. The antibacterial activity of the surface of
cotton fabrics coated with electrospun composite nanofibers was evaluated
against the two most common wound-causing pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas
aeruginosa. The cotton fabric coated with 0.1% Ag
NP-embedded WK/PVA nanofibers showed very good antibacterial activity
against both pathogens, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium
bromide (MTT) assay results showed good cytocompatibility against
L-929 mouse fibroblast cells. However, the increase in Ag NP content
in the nanofibers to 0.2% negatively affected the cell viability due
to the high release rate of Ag ions. The results achieved show that
the developed wound dressing has good potential for wound healing
applications.