Abstract:Castor oil (CO), which is a readily available, relatively inexpensive, and environmentally benign nonedible oil, has been successfully used as matrix material to prepare biocompatible and biodegradable nanocomposite films filled with chitosan (CS)-modified ZnO nanoparticles. The biocomposites were synthesized via a simple and versatile solution mixing and casting method. The morphology, structure, thermal stability, water absorption, biodegradability, cytocompatibility, barrier, mechanical, viscoelastic, antib… Show more
“…Thus, the availability of reactive OH groups on CO and RA guaranteed the strong chemical interaction between the composite materials. Figure 9.Isocyanate reaction with hydroxyl groups on RA-capped nanoparticle to form a nanoparticle–polymer nanocomposite [112]. …”
Section: Syntheses and Surface Functionalization Of Nanoparticlesmentioning
Castor oil (CO) is an inedible vegetable oil (VO) that has been employed extensively as a bioresource material for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels, coatings and adhesives. It is used in medicine, pharmaceuticals and biorefineries, due to its versatile chemistry. However, there has been less focus on CO as an alternative to toxic and expensive solvents, and capping/stabilizing agents routinely used in nanoparticle syntheses. It provides a richer chemistry than edible VOs as a solvent for green syntheses of nanoparticles. CO, being the only rich source of ricinoleic acid (RA), has been used as a solvent, co-solvent, stabilizing agent and polyol for the formation of polymer–nanoparticle composites. RA is a suitable alternative to oleic acid used as a capping and/or stabilizing agent. Unlike oleic acid, it provides a facile route to the functionalization of surfaces of nanoparticles and the coating of nanoparticles with polymers. For applications requiring more polar organic solvents, RA is more preferred than oleic acid. In this review, we discuss the production, chemical and physical properties, triglyceride and fatty acid (FA) compositions and applications of CO, focusing on the use of CO and RA as well as other VOs and FAs in syntheses of nanoparticles and surface functionalization.
“…Thus, the availability of reactive OH groups on CO and RA guaranteed the strong chemical interaction between the composite materials. Figure 9.Isocyanate reaction with hydroxyl groups on RA-capped nanoparticle to form a nanoparticle–polymer nanocomposite [112]. …”
Section: Syntheses and Surface Functionalization Of Nanoparticlesmentioning
Castor oil (CO) is an inedible vegetable oil (VO) that has been employed extensively as a bioresource material for the synthesis of biodegradable polymers, cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels, coatings and adhesives. It is used in medicine, pharmaceuticals and biorefineries, due to its versatile chemistry. However, there has been less focus on CO as an alternative to toxic and expensive solvents, and capping/stabilizing agents routinely used in nanoparticle syntheses. It provides a richer chemistry than edible VOs as a solvent for green syntheses of nanoparticles. CO, being the only rich source of ricinoleic acid (RA), has been used as a solvent, co-solvent, stabilizing agent and polyol for the formation of polymer–nanoparticle composites. RA is a suitable alternative to oleic acid used as a capping and/or stabilizing agent. Unlike oleic acid, it provides a facile route to the functionalization of surfaces of nanoparticles and the coating of nanoparticles with polymers. For applications requiring more polar organic solvents, RA is more preferred than oleic acid. In this review, we discuss the production, chemical and physical properties, triglyceride and fatty acid (FA) compositions and applications of CO, focusing on the use of CO and RA as well as other VOs and FAs in syntheses of nanoparticles and surface functionalization.
“…Aside from Ag and Au, other types of NPs, such as selenium (34), zinc oxide (35), copper oxide (36, 37), iron oxide (38), or polymeric NPs (39), were shown to be beneficial for wound healing (Table 1). Thereby, the beneficial effect is either a result of the NPs properties alone (i.e., antibacterial effects) or a combined result of the NPs with other substances.…”
The type 2 immune response is an adaptive immune program involved in defense against parasites, detoxification, and wound healing, but is predominantly known for its pathophysiological effects, manifesting as allergic disease. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) are non-self entities that, to our knowledge, do not stimulate detrimental type 2 responses directly, but have the potential to modulate ongoing reactions in various ways, including the delivery of substances aiming at providing a therapeutic benefit. We review, here, the state of knowledge concerning the interaction of NPs with type 2 immune responses and highlight their potential as a multifunctional platform for therapeutic intervention.
“…Wound healing is a natural response to tissue injury that leads to restoration of tissue integrity, and requires the synthesis of new connective tissue matrix. The wound healing process can be generally divided into 3 parts: inflammatory phase (including hemostasis and inflammation), proliferation phase (including granulation, wound connection, and epithelization), and remodeling phase (maturation and realignment of collagen) . In order to assess the wound healing property of the composite hydrogels, the full‐thickness wounds on the back of SD rats were covered with acetate chitosan hydrogels and acetate chitosan/CaCO 3 hydrogels.…”
In recent years, chitosan has been applied for wound management due to its properties of biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and low immunogenicity. But the poor water solubility in neutral pH limited its further application in clinical wound healing. To overcome this problem, acetate chitosan was developed and approved as commercial products for wound healing. However, the acidity of acetate chitosan was potentially allergenic, and the poor mechanical properties of its formed hydrogels also hindered the therapeutic efficacy in wound care. In this study, CaCO3 was simply doped into acetate chitosan to form the wound dressing. After absorbing water, the H+ of acetate chitosan reacted with CaCO3 to release Ca2+, resulting in acidity decreased. The production of Ca2+ and residue of CaCO3 cross‐linked with chitosan to form a tough hydrogel by electrostatic interaction. The physical characteristics, swelling, mechanical testing, and blood clotting were evaluated. The results in vitro demonstrated that after doping CaCO3 into acetate chitosan, the mechanical properties and blood clotting of the formed hydrogel were increased. Then, the evaluation of hydrogels in vivo revealed that it can also accelerate the wound healing by promoting re‐epithelization and collagen deposition. This simple way by doping CaCO3 into acetate chitosan can increase wound healing, and it can also broad the application of acetate chitosan in clinical use.
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