Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix

Gómez, Claudia Marcela Arenas; Sabin, Keith; Echeverri, Karen

doi:10.1002/dvdy.178

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 140 publications

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“…Also of particular interest in this group of recruited inflammatory cells are neutrophils. Neutrophils are the first cells that are recruited to the wound site to clear bacteria and debris, [ 36 ] but the relative number of neutrophils that arrive may be correlated with how proficient the animal is in scarless healing [ 37 ] (Figure 3C). Oddly, classical studies showed that depletion of neutrophils does not dramatically alter wound healing in mammals, [ 38 ] so it is still unclear how these differences in neutrophil infiltration may play a role in shifting scarring propensity.…”

Section: Overview Of Scarring Versus Regenerative Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Durant

Whited

2021

Advanced Science

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Soft tissue fibrosis and cutaneous scarring represent massive clinical burdens to millions of patients per year and the therapeutic options available are currently quite limited. Despite what is known about the process of fibrosis in mammals, novel approaches for combating fibrosis and scarring are necessary. It is hypothesized that scarring has evolved as a solution to maximize healing speed to reduce fluid loss and infection. This hypothesis, however, is complicated by regenerative animals, which have arguably the most remarkable healing abilities and are capable of scar‐free healing. This review explores the differences observed between adult mammalian healing that typically results in fibrosis versus healing in regenerative animals that heal scarlessly. Each stage of wound healing is surveyed in depth from the perspective of many regenerative and fibrotic healers so as to identify the most important molecular and physiological variances along the way to disparate injury repair outcomes. Understanding how these powerful model systems accomplish the feat of scar‐free healing may provide critical therapeutic approaches to the treatment or prevention of fibrosis.

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Section: Overview Of Scarring Versus Regenerative Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Durant

Whited

2021

Advanced Science

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“…Another intriguing aspect of regeneration is its relationship with immunity (Abnave and Ghigo, 2019;Arenas Gómez et al, 2020): various results indicate that the evolution of the adaptive immune system in vertebrates is correlated with a progressive loss of regenerative capability from fish to mammals (Godwin, 2014;Godwin and Rosenthal, 2014). This phenomenon appears related to the persistence of the inflammatory response, which impairs or limits the regeneration process, and scarring at the site of injury (Merscher and Neff, 2005;Eming et al, 2009;Godwin, 2014;Godwin and Rosenthal, 2014;Peiris et al, 2014;Fumagalli et al, 2018).…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

Ferrario

Sugni

Somorjai

et al. 2020

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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The diversity of regenerative phenomena seen in adult metazoans, as well as their underlying mechanistic bases, are still far from being comprehensively understood. Reviewing both ultrastructural and molecular data, the present work aims to showcase the increasing relevance of invertebrate deuterostomes, i.e., echinoderms, hemichordates, cephalochordates and tunicates, as invaluable models to study cellular aspects of adult regeneration. Our comparative approach suggests a fundamental contribution of local dedifferentiation -rather than mobilization of resident undifferentiated stem cells-as an important cellular mechanism contributing to regeneration in these groups. Thus, elucidating the cellular origins, recruitment and fate of cells, as well as the molecular signals underpinning tissue regrowth in regenerationcompetent deuterostomes, will provide the foundation for future research in tackling the relatively limited regenerative abilities of vertebrates, with clear applications in regenerative medicine.

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“…Several studies in axolotls, a closely related species, suggest a potential interplay between immune cells and ECM remodeling to promote scar-free healing in these regeneration-competent animals. 57 – 59 Therefore, our observations lead us to speculate that ECM might serve as a scaffold for immune cells and other cell types to migrate to the injury site. It will be interesting in the future to use OCT to explore in real time the potential crosstalk between ECM and immune cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

In Vivo Imaging of Newt Lens Regeneration: Novel Insights Into the Regeneration Process

Chen

Tsissios

Sallese

et al. 2021

Trans. Vis. Sci. Tech.

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Purpose To establish optical coherence tomography (OCT) as an in vivo imaging modality for investigating the process of newt lens regeneration. Methods Spectral-domain OCT was employed for in vivo imaging of the newt lens regeneration process. A total of 37 newts were lentectomized and followed by OCT imaging over the course of 60 to 80 days. Histological images were obtained at several time points to compare with the corresponding OCT images. Volume measurements were also acquired. Results OCT can identify the key features observed in corresponding histological images based on the scattering differences from various eye tissues, such as the cornea, intact and regenerated lens, and the iris. Lens volume measurements from three-dimensional OCT images showed that the regenerating lens size increased linearly until 60 days post-lentectomy. Conclusions Using OCT imaging, we were able to track the entire process of newt lens regeneration in vivo for the first time. Three-dimensional OCT images allowed us to volumetrically quantify and visualize the dynamic spatial relationships between tissues during the regeneration process. Our results establish OCT as an in vivo imaging modality to track/analyze the entire lens regeneration process from the same animal. Translational Relevance Lens regeneration in newts represents a unique example of vertebrate tissue plasticity. Investigating the cellular and morphological events that govern this extraordinary process in vivo will advance our understanding and shed light on developing new therapies to treat blinding disorders in higher vertebrates.

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Wound healing across the animal kingdom: Crosstalk between the immune system and the extracellular matrix

Cited by 42 publications

References 140 publications

Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Finding Solutions for Fibrosis: Understanding the Innate Mechanisms Used by Super‐Regenerator Vertebrates to Combat Scarring

Beyond Adult Stem Cells: Dedifferentiation as a Unifying Mechanism Underlying Regeneration in Invertebrate Deuterostomes

In Vivo Imaging of Newt Lens Regeneration: Novel Insights Into the Regeneration Process

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