Would Non-coding RNA Resolve the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Puzzle?

Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine heterogeneous reproductive disorder. This metabolic disease affects around 5–10% of women and accounts for 75% of anovulatory infertility all over the world. The complexity of the disease as manifested by the involvement of multiple underlying mechanisms and the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers, make it difficult to timely manage and treat the disease. Remarkably, genetic, epigenetics, and environmental variations may contribute considerably to the pathogenicity of PCOS. Recent investigations indicated that non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) were involved in the occurrence and development of PCOS. Thus, this chapter aimed to summarize the current knowledge around the expression and dysregulation of ncRNA in human PCOS.