Wormhole structures and energy conditions in f(ℛ) gravity with hybrid shape functions

Abstract

This paper discusses the possible wormhole solutions in modified [Formula: see text] gravity by employing the two hybrid shape functions i.e. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is constant. The solutions are accomplished by implementing the modified-gravity functions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. It is presented by investigating the energy constraints through the graphical analysis that the null energy conditions for the energy–momentum tensor are largely violated for our both models. Energy constraints connected to the matter source threading the possible wormhole structures are in general worked out, supporting the null energy constraints in the neighborhood of the wormhole neck. This concludes that threaded by the matter, the existence of the non-exotic wormhole geometries have been found in this gravity. Subsequently, it is shown that violation of the null energy condition may be accredited to the collective effects of the [Formula: see text] gravity and owing to the non-commutative geometry.