Worldwide study of the Sporadic E (Es) layer development during a space weather event

Resende, L. C. A.; Zhu, Yajun; Denardini, Clezio Marcos; Moro, Juliano; Silva, L.A. Da; Arras, Christina; Chagas, Ronan Arraes Jardim; Chen, S.S.; Marchezi, J. P.; Carmo, C. S.; Picanço, Giórgio Arlan da Silva; Silva, R.P.; Wang, C.; Li, H.; Liu, Z.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2022.105966

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Their occurrence is associated with the gravity wave presence or winds with large amplitudes, causing complex structures at 100-110 km (Matsushita and Reddy, 1967). This instability can be seen in ionograms through the spreading in the Es layer (Resende et al, 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the different physical mechanisms in the atypical sporadic E (Es) layer occurrence over a low latitude region in the Brazilian sector

Resende

Zhu

Denardini

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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We present a study about the atypical and spreading Sporadic E-layers (Es) observed in Digisonde data. We analyzed a set of days around space weather events from 2016 to 2018 over Cachoeira Paulista (CXP, 22.41°S, 45°W, dip ∼35°), a low-latitude Brazilian station. The inhomogeneous Es layer is associated with the auroral-type Es layer (Esa) occurrence in this region due to the presence of South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA). However, we also observe that the spreading Es layers occurred days before the magnetic storms or quiet times. Also, this specific type of Es layer has some different characteristics concerning the Esa layer. We used data from the imager, satellite, and meteor radar to understand the dynamic processes acting in this Es layer formation. Our results lead us to believe that other mechanisms affect the Es layer development. We show evidence that the instabilities added to the wind shear mechanism can cause the atypical Es layers, such as Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI). Finally, an important discovery of this work is that the spreading Es layer, mainly during quiet times, is not necessarily due to the particle precipitation due to the SAMA. We found that the wind shear can be turbulent, influencing the Es layer development. Lastly, our analysis better understood the Es layer behavior during quiet and disturbed times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the different physical mechanisms in the atypical sporadic E (Es) layer occurrence over a low latitude region in the Brazilian sector

Resende

Zhu

Denardini

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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“…The Esa layers have a spreading trace over Tromso, as observed in Santa Maria. This behavior was discussed in Resende et al (2022c), in which the pitch angle scattering driven by whistler mode chorus waves can cause low-energy EP (Da Silva et al, 2021a) over the auroral region. It is important to emphasize that the low-energy EP is a unique ingredient for developing the Esa layer over the auroral region.…”

Section: Auroral-type Sporadic E Layer Detected Over the Sama Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, there is an accumulation of the ions in the null points of the tidal winds generating a dense thin ionization layer compared to the background (Chimonas and Axford 1968). Therefore, the upper atmospheric wind conditions are also important and must be considered (Rees, 1963;Cai and Ma, 2007;Resende et al, 2022b;Resende et al, 2022c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why can the auroral-type sporadic E layer be detected over the South America Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) region? An investigation of a case study under the influence of the high-speed solar wind stream

Da Silva,

Shi,

Vieira

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The low-electron flux variability (increase/decrease) in the Earth’s radiation belts could cause low-energy Electron Precipitation (EP) to the atmosphere over auroral and South American Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) regions. This EP into the atmosphere can cause an extra upper atmosphere’s ionization, forming the auroral-type sporadic E layers (Esa) over these regions. The dynamic mechanisms responsible for developing this Esa layer over the auroral region have been established in the literature since the 1960s. In contrast, there are several open questions over the SAMA region, principally due to the absence (or contamination) of the inner radiation belt and EP parameter measurements over this region. Generally, the Esa layer is detected under the influence of geomagnetic storms during the recovery phase, associated with solar wind structures, in which the time duration over the auroral region is considerably greater than the time duration over the SAMA region. The inner radiation belt’s dynamic is investigated during a High-speed Solar wind Stream (September 24-25, 2017), and the hiss wave-particle interactions are the main dynamic mechanism able to trigger the Esa layer’s generation outside the auroral oval. This result is compared with the dynamic mechanisms that can cause particle precipitation in the auroral region, showing that each region presents different physical mechanisms. Additionally, the difference between the time duration of the hiss wave activities and the Esa layers is discussed, highlighting other ingredients mandatory to generate the Esa layer in the SAMA region.

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Worldwide study of the Sporadic E (Es) layer development during a space weather event

Cited by 2 publications

References 42 publications

Analysis of the different physical mechanisms in the atypical sporadic E (Es) layer occurrence over a low latitude region in the Brazilian sector

Analysis of the different physical mechanisms in the atypical sporadic E (Es) layer occurrence over a low latitude region in the Brazilian sector

Why can the auroral-type sporadic E layer be detected over the South America Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) region? An investigation of a case study under the influence of the high-speed solar wind stream

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