Worldwide Prevalence of Hypertension: A Pooled Meta-Analysis of 1670 Studies in 71 Countries With 29.5 Million Participants

Salem, Hosni; Hasan, D. M. Hasibul; Eameash, Aya; El-Mageed, Hazem Abd; Hasan, Sama; Ali, Rehab

doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(18)32360-x

Cited by 49 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…There is a wide range of hypertension prevalence rates worldwide ranging from 4% to78% with the highest estimates present in low and middle-income countries [9]. Our results are in concordance with the previous estimates of 29% reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [10], and 26.3% in Egypt in a former systematic review but with a prehypertension prevalence rate of 57.2% [11].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of Hypertension in Fayoum Governorate

Ezzat

Amir

Ewais

2019

AJMAH

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Background: Hypertension is a preventable cause of premature death worldwide. Data from the Egyptian National Hypertension Project (NHP) revealed that hypertension is a significant problem among Egyptians. We studied the prevalence of hypertension, related risk factors and its complications in Fayoum governorate. Patients and Methods: This study included 2800 Egyptian participants aged 18 to 60 years old from Fayoum governorate selected randomly from different places in Fayoum governorate. Blood pressure was measured for them. Re-measurement for those with BP measurements ≥ 140/90 was done with a further assessment. Known hypertensive patients were thoroughly evaluated by clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Results: Our survey revealed that the prevalence rate of hypertension in Fayoum governorate was 28.4% (19.3% were aware and 9.1% were first diagnosed and unaware of their hypertension), 11% of the study population were pre-hypertensives. Poorly controlled hypertensive patients were 59.9%. Of all hypertensive patients, 63.4% of them were females, 87.9% of them were overweight and obese, while 26.3% of them had diabetes mellitus. Also, 41% of known hypertensive patients had complications. Conclusion and Recommendations: There is a high prevalence rate of hypertension in Fayoum governorate. More knowledge is required to reveal the reasons behind this high prevalence in addition to the low levels of control and awareness of hypertension, to put the appropriate strategy to improve the rate of control, awareness, and quality of life of hypertensive patients in Egypt.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Pattern of Hypertension in Fayoum Governorate

Ezzat

Amir

Ewais

2019

AJMAH

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“…Only a few studies [4] have investigated the effect of modification by sex on the associations between different risk factors and hypertension incidence. Even though hypertension mostly affects populations in low-and middle-income countries [1,7], data on the incidence of hypertension in these regions is very scarce [3,8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Asgari

Moazzeni

Azizi

et al. 2020

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Background: Hypertension, with a prevalence of 25.6% is a serious public health concern in Iran. Objective: To investigate the population-based incidence of hypertension and its potential risk factors in Tehranian adults during a median follow-up of 13.1 years. Methods: A total of 6,533 non-hypertensive participants (women = 3,639), aged ≥20 years participated in the study. Crude and age-standardized incidence rates per 1000 person-years were calculated for each sex, separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors. Results: The crude and age-standardized incidence rates (95% CI) of hypertension per 1000 person-years were 29.7 (27.8-31.6) and 34.9 (32.5-37.4) among men and 25.8 (24.3-27.3) and 38.7 (35.5-42.0) among women, respectively. The incidence rate of hypertension in younger age groups was higher among men. However, after the 4 th decade, the incidence rate was higher among women. Significant interactions of sex with age groups, body mass index categories, marital status, hypertriglyceridemia and glycemic categories were found in multivariable analyses (all p-values < 0.05). In the multivariable model, the risk in both sexes was found to be significantly associated with older age, obesity, and normal or high normal blood pressure (BP). Moreover, factors such as being overweight [HR: 1.20 (1.00-1.44)], former smoking [2.15 (1.52-3.04)], hypertriglyceridemia [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and pre-diabetes status [1.19 (1.02-1.39)] were significant predictors of incident hypertension among women. Central obesity was found to be a significant predictor among men [1.26 (1.03-1.54)]. The optimism-corrected Harrell's C index (95% CI) in the categorical adjusted model was 0.75 (0.74-0.79) among men and 0.75 (0.74-0.76) among women. Conclusion: In the Tehranian population, nearly 2.7% of total participants (3% of men and 2.6% of women) develop hypertension each year. Obesity and high BP levels are the main modifiable risk factors in both sexes. Hypertriglyceridemia, prediabetes and former smoking are risk factors for hypertension among women.

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“…4,5 Hypertension is also a major cause of premature death worldwide. 6 Over time, the prevalence of hypertension is on a high rise throughout the world 7 though it varies across the different regions and country income groups. Recent evidence indicated that an estimated 1.13 billion people have hypertension worldwide and out of these the majority (around two-thirds) were located in low and middle income countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Cost of Hypertension Illness and Associated Factors Among Patients Attending Hospitals in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia</p>

Zawudie¹,

Lemma²,

Daka³

2020

CEOR

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Background: Hypertension is a common vascular disease and the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Since the incidence of hypertension is rising in Ethiopia, one may expect that the household's cost of healthcare services related to the disease will increase in the near future. Yet the cost associated with the disease is not known. We aimed to estimate the total cost of hypertension illness and identify associated factors among patients attending hospitals in Southwest Shewa zone, Oromia regional state, Ethiopia. Patients and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study design was employed to conduct the study from 13 August to 2 September 2018. All hypertensive patients aged 18 years and older who were on follow-up were eligible for this study. The total cost of hypertension illness was estimated by summing the direct and indirect costs. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with hypertension costs of illnesses. Results: A total of 349 patients participated in the study. The mean monthly total cost of hypertension illness was US$ 22.3 (95% CI, 21.3-23.3). Direct and indirect costs constitute 51% and 49% of the total cost, respectively. The mean direct cost of hypertension illness per patient per month was US$ 11.39 (95% CI, 10.6-12.1). Out of these, drugs comprised higher cost (31%), followed by food (25%). The mean indirect cost per patient per month was US$ 10.89 (95% CI, 10.4-11.4). In this study, the primary educational status, family size (4-6 and >6), distance from hospital (≥10 km), the presence of a companion and stage of hypertension (stage two) of patients were identified as the predictors of the cost of hypertension illnesses. Conclusion: The cost of hypertension illness was very high when compared to the monthly income of households, exposing patients to catastrophic costs. Hence, the government should give due attention to protect patients from catastrophic health expenditures.

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Worldwide Prevalence of Hypertension: A Pooled Meta-Analysis of 1670 Studies in 71 Countries With 29.5 Million Participants

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Pattern of Hypertension in Fayoum Governorate

Pattern of Hypertension in Fayoum Governorate

Sex-Specific Incidence Rates and Risk Factors for Hypertension During 13 Years of Follow-up: The Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

<p>Cost of Hypertension Illness and Associated Factors Among Patients Attending Hospitals in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia</p>

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