Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993–2005

McLean, Erin; Cogswell, Mary E.; Egli, Ines; Wojdyla, Daniel; Benoist, Bruno de

doi:10.1017/s1368980008002401

Cited by 1,940 publications

(1,712 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Women with low iron stores absorb about 5% of dietary Mn versus 1% in women with normal iron levels 8 . It is of concern, given the fact that iron deficiency anaemia during pregnancy is common worldwide, particularly in less developed areas of the world 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to manganese in South African coastal communities

Röllin

Kootbodien

Theodorou

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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Exposure to environmental sources and altered physiological processes of manganese uptake during pregnancy and its possible effect on prenatal and postnatal development are of concern. This study investigates manganese blood levels at the time of delivery across four cohorts of pregnant women residing in coastal communities of South Africa and examines birth outcomes and environmental factors that could influence manganese levels in the study population. The geometric mean (GM) manganese blood levels (MnB) for all women at delivery was 15.2 µg/L. Collectively, rural women reported higher MnB concentrations (GM, 16.1 µg/L) than urban women (GM, 13.5 µg/L, p<0.001). Of the 302 cord blood samples drawn from the study participants (rural women only), GM MnB levels reported for three rural sites were 25.8 µg/L (Rural 1), 33.4 µg/L (Rural 2) and 43.0 µg/L (Rural 3) and were twice as high as their respective maternal levels. However, no significant correlations were found between maternal and cord MnB levels across the 3 study areas. Factors associated 2 with elevated maternal MnB levels, after adjusting for gestational age were: women living in a rural area (Rural 2) (p = 0.021); women drinking potable water from an outdoor/communal tap sourced from municipality (p = 0.021); drinking water from river/stream (p = 0.036); younger maternal age (p = 0.026); consuming leafy vegetables once a week (p = 0.034); and elevated maternal blood lead concentrations (PbB) (p = 0.002). The results indicate that a MnB concentration in rural women during pregnancy is higher compared to urban women and increases with manganese intake from food and water.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prenatal exposure to manganese in South African coastal communities

Röllin

Kootbodien

Theodorou

et al. 2014

Environ. Sci.: Processes Impacts

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“…The major types of malnutrition affecting women throughout Africa include chronic and acute undernutrition with an increasing trend of overweight and obesity in wealthier Sub-Saharan Africa (14)(15)(16) . Deficiencies of micronutrients such as Fe, vitamin A and iodine are common (17)(18)(19) . Maternal iodine deficiency has been associated with reproductive failure, poor fetal growth and mental development, and child mortality (20) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Gewa

Leslie

Pawloski

2012

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Mali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1?00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak. With few exceptions, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. In addition, in recent years a new type of malnutrition stemming from weight gain and obesity has been observed throughout Africa. The present study aimed to (i) describe geographic and health variations of women of reproductive age, (ii) describe geographic variations of household salt iodine levels and (iii) investigate potential factors associated with women's anthropometric status and use of adequately iodized salt among households in Mali. Design: Demographic and Health Survey data, multistage-stratified cluster sampling methodology. Setting: Rural and urban areas of Mali. Subjects: Non-pregnant women (n 6015) between the ages of 19 and 44 years. Results: Nineteen per cent of the women were overweight or obese while 11 % were underweight. Seventy-eight per cent of the households utilized adequately iodized salt. Underweight women were more prevalent in southern Mali, while obesity was more frequent in the north-east and within the major urban areas. Households located within the southern parts of Mali were more likely to utilize adequately iodized salt. Education, age, modern contraceptive use, breast-feeding status at time of the survey and household wealth index were significantly associated with the women's BMI or households' use of adequately iodized salt. Conclusions: The combined use of statistical and geographic system analysis contributes to improve targeting of interventions among vulnerable populations. Keywords Non-pregnant women BMI Iodized salt utilization MaliMali is one of the poorest countries in Africa, with 72 % of its population surviving on less than $US 1?00 per day. Health and demographic indicators are bleak; life expectancy from birth is 49?8 years and maternal mortality is 580 per 100 000 people. Several studies including the most recent national analysis from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) examining the nutritional situation of children throughout Mali have shown significant numbers of stunted and wasted children (1) . Further, the WHO reports that approximately 30 % of children under 5 years of age are underweight, 40 % are stunted and about 4 % are overweight (2) . Recent research has shown evidence of poor nutrition among adolescent girls in Mali, suggesting that poor nutritional status is not a risk limited to childhood but extends into adolescence (3,4) . Most of the studies concerning the nutritional situation in Mali have focused primarily on infants and children and have ignored adolescents and adults. With the exception of studies related to infant feeding, reproductive health and violence against women, studies related to the health of women in Mali have largely been under-represented. Other field studies in Mali are generally dated and focus on children and infant feeding (5,6)

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“…Anemia-like pallor is a manifestation of the insufficient capacity of oxygen-carrying red blood cells in the body [10]. Although iron deficiency is the primary cause for anemia, other nutritional deficiencies for folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A, chronic inflammations, parasitic infections and genetic disorders have been found to impact hemoglobin contents in humans [10].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azure-Based Smart Monitoring System for Anemia-Like Pallor

2017

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Increasing costs of diagnostic healthcare have necessitated the development of hardware independent non-invasive Point of Care (POC) systems. Although anemia prevalence rates in global populations vary between 10% and 60% in various demographic groups, smart monitoring systems have not yet been developed for screening and tracking anemia-like pallor. In this work, we present two cloud platform-hosted POC applications that are directed towards smart monitoring of anemia-like pallor through eye and tongue pallor site images. The applications consist of a front-end graphical user interface (GUI) module and two different back-end image processing and machine learning modules. Both applications are hosted on a browser accessible tomcat server ported to an Azure Virtual Machine (VM). We observe that the first application spatially segments regions of interest from pallor site images with higher pallor classification accuracy and relatively longer processing times when compared to the lesser accurate yet faster second application. Also, both applications achieve 65-98% accuracy in separating normal images from images with pallor or abnormalities. The optimized front-end module is significantly light-weight with a run-through time ratio of 10 −5 with respect to the back-end modules. Thus, the proposed applications are portable and hardware independent, allowing for their use in pallor monitoring and screening tasks.

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Worldwide prevalence of anaemia, WHO Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System, 1993–2005

Cited by 1,940 publications

References 13 publications

Prenatal exposure to manganese in South African coastal communities

Prenatal exposure to manganese in South African coastal communities

Geographic distribution and socio-economic determinants of women's nutritional status in Mali households

Azure-Based Smart Monitoring System for Anemia-Like Pallor

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